Similarities and Differences between Reggio Emilia and...

There are many different curriculums that are used in early childhood classrooms. Two curriculums that are used are High Scope and Reggio Emilia. Both of these curriculums have unique aspects that make up their curriculums. In addition, High Scope and Reggio Emilia have similarities and differences. In Ypsilanti, Michigan Dr. David P. Weikard created High Scope in 1970. High Scope does research in a variety of areas. However, they are best known for their research in preschool education and their preschool curriculum approach. High Scope preschool curriculum is used throughout the world and has had an impact on Head Start programs (Morrison, 1976, p. 15). High Scope promotes the developmental domains in their Key Developmental†¦show more content†¦The High Scope curriculum incorporates diversity in its approach. High Scope incorporates diversity through developmentally appropriate approaches, which allow the children to progress at their own rate through the use of learning centers. According to Morrison, High Scope does not focus on the child’s deficits, but instead focuses on social, cognitive, and physical abilities, which are important for every child especially ones with special needs. Teachers in the High Scope approach will identify the developmental level of a special needs child. Then the teachers will provide different experiences that are appropriate for a normal child at their developmental age. For example, if a special needs child is four years old but is developmentally at a two year old level then, the child would use gestures and point with the fingers to express their plans. The teacher would th en immerse the child in activities that provide opportunities to hearing and using language (Morrison, 1976, p. 19-20). High Scope shows multi-cultural respect in their classroom by incorporating materials and experiences that reflect the diversity in the children. In addition, the teachers will help each diverse family to find community services that would be helpful to the family’s individual needs (The High/Scope Preschool Educational Approach: A Prospectus for Pre-Kindergarten Programs, n.d.). InShow MoreRelated Teaching2569 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"positive relationships†. Bruce (2008) resonates with the National strategies (2009) notion that positive relationships are extremely important within the EYFS, High Scope and Reggio Emilia in order to help children reach their full potential. Allen and Whalley (2009) adopt Bruce’s (2008) notion that positive relationships should be built between the children, families and other practitioners in order to create a successful and stimulating environment. It is important for practitioners to talk appropriatelyRead Moredone Unit 064 Context and Principles fo4917 Words   |  20 Pagessome differences in between the way the government of every nation deals with early learning education, there are also some common features: * Partnership and involvement with parents; * Learning through active play; * Need for children to have opportunities for child-initiated and adult-directed activities; * Education programme is to be delivered holistically although divided into areas of learning; * Importance of assessing children’s individual needs. As another difference in between

Cmn279 - Final Report - 2268 Words

DATE: April 10, 2012 TO: John Smith, Vice President FROM: Tom Chung, Committee Chairperson SUBJECT: FINDING THE BEST AND MOST EFFECTIVE CHARITY IN THE GTA At your request, the other members of the Ryerson Business Students Association committee and I, have researched and acquired information on three different charities around the area of the university to best identity which charity would be the most deserving of a donation. We have done this by collecting information from each organization and comparing them to see which charity best meets the set of criteria we have chosen. This report is comprised of the set of criteria we have used to compare each organization, the three alternatives we have chosen, a diagram and a recommendation†¦show more content†¦The organization itself has many visible signs of supporting diversity as many of the images on its website depict various business people, both men and women, many of whom appear to be from different cultures. However, not much else is known about the level of diversity in this organization as information on that aspect of the charity is sparse (based on the company website). Alternative 2: Inner City Angels This charity was founded in 1969 by activist Marianne Heller. It is one of the closest charities to the university as it focuses on helping children in inner-city Toronto. By donating to Inner City Angels the RBSA will be donating to a charity that focuses on promoting arts education and ‘hands-on’ training for inner city children who do not have the facilities to get an arts education. This foundation helps youths to realize their full creative potential by pairing them with arts organizations, educators and artists who educate them on the arts and work with them on creative art projects. This, ultimately, helps the youth with their personal development as they will be working in a communal environment with other youths. The organization’s various programs include; Graphic Stories, where artists assist youths inShow MoreRelatedCmn279 Final Report1348 Words   |  6 PagesThis report serves to critically evaluate the Toronto Arts Council and determine whether it is worthy of receiving funding from the new Ford City Grants Fund. It will begin by providing a brief overview of the Toronto Arts Council and its activities, followed by evaluating how the Toronto Arts Council impacts Torontos society and the need for the organization’s services. Lastly, the memo will conclude by deciding whether to grant the Ford City Grants Fund to the organization. This report is important

Should the government regulate food more free essay sample

Since the time the fast food industry was established, people have been enjoying the convenience of having food served to them in a fast and timely manner. However, today people are learning about the harmful effects fast food can have on a person’s body. We the people need to do something about this fast food epidemic. These businesses need to be regulated more by the government to keep the American nation a healthy nation. As a result, this issue is a very controversial one and has attracted a lot a debate. This essay will consider some of the arguments for obesity in this nations and the impact fast food has on it and will outline some of the problems with this position. It will then put forward a number of reasons why America should put more regulations on the fast food industry. Fast food industries have had a huge influence on Americans and people of all ages all around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the government regulate food more? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Fast Food Nation the author says, â€Å"A survey of American schoolchildren found that 96 percent could identify Ronald McDonald. The only fictional character with a higher degree of recognition was Santa Claus. The impact of McDonald’s on the way we live today is hard to overstate. The Golden Arches are now more widely recognized than the Christian Cross† (Schlosser 4). These statements are very easy to believe. There is a McDonald’s in just about every country in the world, so it does not really surprise me that the Golden Arches are more widely recognized than the Christian Cross. Since the fast food industry has began, it has created many different jobs for people. But these jobs may not be the best jobs for a lifetime career. â€Å"Between 1968 and 1990, the years when the fast food chains expanded at their fastest rate, the real value of the U.  S. minimum wage fell by almost 40 percent†. Jobs in the fast food industry can be quite difficult. Places like McDonald’s and Burger King do not have very good work conditions which include being very dirty and not well up kept. When you work at a fast food restaurant, you are very tempted to eat the food at those restaurants. Eating everyday at these restaurants in not very healthy and will begin to show likely within the first couple months. The majority of people working at these restaurants are teenagers and young adults and this is the age group that we are seeing become the most obese in this nation. There was one thing in Fast Food Nation that really caught my attention and that was when the author said, â€Å"At a meeting with Japanese executives that was secretly recorded, the president of Archer Daniels Midland preached the virtues of collaboration. ‘We have a saying at this company,’ he said. ‘Our competitors are our friends, and our customers are our enemies’† (Schlosser 143) This statement gets the reader thinking â€Å"Can I trust the food that I am eating that come from these large agricultural processors? I heard somewhere that there are around 50,000 food processing plants in the nation, but only around 1,300 inspectors from the health administration. It is said that most plants will only be inspected about once every 80 years! That allows a lot of time for a plant to obtain a food-borne illness infestation such as E. coli and spread it to millions of Americans throughout the nation. Food processing plants are not the only place that food can obtain a food-borne illness. At the restaurant, food may come into contact with contaminated items (Hank). The support article that I found explains the FDA’s regulations on fast food very well. This articles states, â€Å"Every year, food-borne illnesses strike thousands of Americans. As a preventative measure, the FDA requires that fast food workers complete a food handling course. The course educates the workers on how to spot the major causes of foodborne illnesses, such as salmonella and E. coli† (Hanks). I feel that it is very important for every person that is going to be working with food at a restaurant to be required to take these courses and follow the guidelines and rules portrayed in these courses everyday. One step that the FDA has made to help control the obesity in this country is that they required all restaurants to display the nutritional information on its products (Hanks). I believe that this is a very important factor to people trying to maintain a healthy diet but want to get food fairly fast. These regulations and requirements are a start toward making food healthier and helping people realize what exactly they are eating. The FDA should regulate somethings in the fast food industry but not all things. If fast food restaurants could make their food healthier but with the same delicious taste that everyone loves this country wouldn’t be so obese. â€Å"San Francisco has banned toys with Happy Meals or with any restaurant meal that fails to meet basic nutrition standards† (Ringham). I believe this may have gone a little too far as to not giving a kid a toy with their Happy Meal, it’s not their fault the restaurant doesn’t have healthy standards set. This gets the reader thinking â€Å"How far should the government go in regulating fast food for kids? † (Ringham). Fast food industries need to be more regulated by the Federal Government and the FDA. But on the other hand, it is not just the restaurants that are causing an obesity epidemic in this country. The people need to step in and take responsibility for their own actions. They need to pay more attention to the nutritional information and watch how much fast food they are consuming and how often they are consuming it. If we would just buy food at a grocery store to cook at home instead of going out to eat at a fast food restaurant 5 times a week, we would be a lot more healthy and a lot less obese.

Batik Essay Research Paper Johari RahimJavanese BatikOne free essay sample

Batik Essay, Research Paper Johari Rahim Javanese Batik One of the major art signifiers in Southeast Asia is a type of bleached fabric called batik. The word batik is thought to be derived from the word ambatik which means a fabric with small points in Indonesian. The postfix tik means small point, bead, point or to do points. Batik may besides arise from the Javanese ( a idiom of Indonesian indigen to the island of Java ) word tritik which describes a resist procedure for deceasing where the forms are reserved on the fabrics by binding and run uping countries prior to deceasing, similar to bind dye techniques implemented in western fabric design. Although experts disagree about the beginnings of batik, samples of dye opposition forms on fabric can be traced back 1,500 old ages ago to Egypt and the Middle East. Samples have besides been found in Turkey, India, China, Japan and West Africa from past centuries. Although in these states people were utilizing the technique of dye defying ornament on fabric, none have developed batik to the art signifier that is extremely developed on the island of Java in Indonesia. Although there is reference of cloths extremely decorated in Dutch transcripts from the seventeenth century, most bookmans believe that the intricate Javanese batik designs would merely hold been possible after the importing of finely woven imported fabric, which was foremost imported to Indonesia from India around the 1800s and afterwards from Europe get downing in 1815. This finely woven fabric allowed for the intricate forms that developed on the island of Java. Textile forms can be seen on rock statues that are carved on the walls of ancient Javanese temples, nevertheless there is no conclusive grounds that the fabric is batik. It could perchance be a form that was produced weaving techniques and non deceasing. However, these traditional woven forms influenced the manners that are prevailing in the part. Some experts feel that batik was originally reserved as an art signifier for Javanese royalty. Princesss and baronial adult females may hold provided the inspiration for the extremely refined traditional forms. It is extremely improbable though that they would be involved in any more than the first wax application. Most likely, the mussy work of dyeing and subsequent waxings was left to tribunal craftsmans who would work under their supervising. Javanese royalty were known to be great frequenters of the humanistic disciplines and provided the support necessary to develop many art signifiers, such as Ag ornamentation, wayang kulit ( leather marionettes ) and gamelan orchestras. In some instances the art forms overlap. The Javanese dalang ( puppeteer ) non merely was responsible for the wayang marionettes but was besides an of import beginning of batik forms. Wayang marionettes are normally made of caprine animal tegument, which is so perforated and painted to make the semblance of vesture on the marionette. These marionettes were assembled with traveling weaponries and sometimes oral cavities. These parts were controlled by bamboo sticks that are handled from below the marionette. A pupeteer so would execute a show with the marionettes behind a fabric screen, illuminated from behind the marionette by a lamp. Used marionettes were frequently sold to eager ladies who used the marionettes as ushers for their batik forms. They wo uld blow wood coal through the holes that define the forms of vesture on the marionettes, in order to copy the intricate designs onto the fabric. The population of western Indonesia is preponderantly Muslim. Islamic art forbids the representation of natural elements, and is preponderantly based on geometric forms. These forms translated good into the manners and methods of batik production. Influence from Chinese art, imported by immigrants traveling south from China, introduced flower forms every bit good as nonliteral and animistic characteristics which influenced the batik manners of the part. Batik is made through a procedure of using a wax resist and so deceasing the fabric. Intricate colourss and forms are achieved by repeated waxing and dyeing of the fabric. Different sorts and qualities of wax are used in batik. Common waxes used for batik consist of a mixture of beeswax, used for its plasticity, and paraffin, used for its crumbliness. Resins can be added to increase adhesion and carnal fats create greater liquidness. The best waxes are from the Indonesian islands of Timor, Sumbawa and Sumatra ; three types of petroleum-based paraffin ( white, xanthous and black ) are used. The sums mixed are measured in gms and vary harmonizing to the design Wax formulas can be really closely restrained secrets. Changing colourss of wax make it possible to mask different parts of the form through the assorted deceasing phases. Larger countries of the form are filled in with wax that is cheaper quality and the higher quality wax is used on the more elaborately elaborate subdivisions o f the design. Traditionally, wax is ap plied to the fabric utilizing a canting ( marked janting ) . A canting is a tool with little spout that protrudes downwards Cu attached to a resovouir with a wood grip. The wax must be kept at the proper temperature. A wax that is excessively cool will choke off the spout of the canting. A wax that excessively hot will flux excessively rapidly and be unmanageable. The craftsman will frequently blow into the spout of the canting before using wax to the fabric in order to unclutter the canting of any obstructors. High demand for all right batik forms led to the development of the cap ( marked chop. ) Each cap is a Cu block that makes up a design unit. Cap are made of 1.5 centimeters broad Cu chevrons that are dead set into the form of the design. Smaller pieces of wire are used for points. When complete, the form of Cu strips is soldered to the grip. Through the combination of several cap, intricate designs can be reproduced precisely and rapidly, taking to the development of batik mil ls. In mills, batik is made by manus in an assembly line procedure where one individual is responsible for a peculiar measure in the procedure. In these mills, tilting are used preponderantly by adult females, while the handling of the cap is done by work forces. Traditional colourss for Central Javanese batik were made from natural ingredients and consisted chiefly of bluish, brown and black. The oldest colour that was used in traditional batik devising was bluish. The colour was made from the foliages of the Indigo works which is indeginous to the southern parts of Asia. The foliages were assorted with molasses sugar and calcium hydroxide and left to stand nightlong. Sometimes sap from the Tinggi tree was added to move as a repair agent. Lighter blue was achieved by go forthing the fabric in the dye bath for short periods of clip. Colorss darken as the clothe is exposed to the dye for longer peroids of clip. Cloth would be left in the dye bath for yearss and may hold been submerged up to 8 10 times a twenty-four hours. In traditional batik, the 2nd colour applied was a brown colour called soga. The colour could run from light yellow to a dark brown. The dye came from the bark of the Soga tree. Another colour that was traditionally used was a dark ruddy colour called mengkuda. This dye was created from the foliages of the Morinda Citrifolia.. Skilled craftsmans can make many fluctuations of these traditional colourss. Aside from blue, green would be achieved by blending blue with xanthous ; purple was obtained by blending blue and ruddy. The soga brown colour assorted with anils would bring forth a dark blue-black colour. Certain countries within the island of Java are known for a predomination of certain designs. Central Javanese designs are influenced by traditional forms and colourss. The debut of Islam, which forbade picturing lifelike images, led to stylized forms without representation of homo of animate being signifiers in these manners. Chinese and European influences in the north seashore introcuced bright colourss and filigree-like birds, flowers, and trees. Batik designs are either geometric or freehand, or sometimes a combination of both. In the geometric forms there are the Nitik, influenced by weaving designs, the Kawung, eliptical and round designs, the Parang, square and parallel diagonal designs, the Ceplok, repetive designs. Freehand designs are the designs defined as North Coastal. Nitik integrated both freehand and geometric designs, which are based on conventionalized forms of natural signifiers or imitations of a woven texture. One of the oldest and most popular designs is the kawung which consists of parallel rows of eclipsiss. Crosses or other decorations such as lines or points fill the elipses. Although basically geometric, ceplok can besides stand for abstractions and stylisation of flowers, buds, seeds and even animate beings The diagonal designs are known as Parang. The parang motive is besides found in wood carving and in gamelan instruments ornament. Forty forms of this manner have been recorded. The parang are among the most visualy contact of all batik forms. They are considered asfortunate forms and they produce slimmimng consequence on the adult female or adult male who is have oning it. The North Coastal designs are influenced by Arabic and Chinese merchandisers and more late by the Dutch. The Chinese part to batik design is the influence of flower and bird motives, borderpatterns, and in usage of pink, xanthous and bluish. Arabic designs that were preponderantly geometric exerted influence throughout the island. Dutch adult females favoured European flowered corsages, birds, butterflies and bees on their batik designs. Batik is one of Indonesia s most refined artforms. Modern engineering has developed new dyes and waxes, and has allowed for the mass production of batik fabric. Batik garments and tapestries are popular worldwide, and high quality batik can bring high monetary values. This reflects the all right prowess that goes into the creative activity of beautiful batik fabric. 312

Famous Quotes for Teachers free essay sample

I often wonder about teachers who educated famous people such as Einstein, Abraham Lincoln, and the like. Were these teachers specially qualified to inspire their students to achieve fame and success? Or were these teachers Just plain lucky to have exceptionally talented students? Do some teachers have the rare quality of turning dust into gold? The answer may not be easy to find. Andy Rooney Most of us end up with no more than five or six people who remember us. Teachers have thousands of people who remember them for the rest of their lives. Haim G. Ginott Teachers are expected to reach unattainable goals with inadequate tools. The miracle is that at times they accomplish this impossible task. Anonymous Leading a child to learnings treasures, gives a teacher untold pleasures Teachers dont impact for a year, but for a lifetime. Chinese proverb Teachers open the door. You enter by yourself. We will write a custom essay sample on Famous Quotes for Teachers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bill Muse I think a secure profession for young people is history teacher, because in the future, there will be so much more of it to teach. Howard Lester I have been maturing as a teacher. New experiences bring new sensitivities and flexibility Hippocrates I swear to hold my teacher in this art equal to my own parents; to make him partner in my livelihood; when he is in need of money to share mine with him; to consider his family as my own brothers and to teach them this art, if they want to learn it, without fee or indenture. Edward Blishen Life is amazing: and the teacher had better prepare himself to be a medium for that amazement.

10 Fascinating Facts About Painted Lady Butterflies

10 Fascinating Facts About Painted Lady Butterflies The painted lady is one of the most familiar butterflies in the world, found on nearly all continents and in all climates. They are a favorite subject of study in elementary school classrooms and are a familiar visitor to most landscape gardens. Yet common as they are, painted ladies have some unique attributes.  Here are 10 fascinating facts about the painted lady, or  Vanessa  cardui. 1. The painted lady is the most widely distributed butterfly in the world. Venessa cardui  inhabits every continent except Australia and  Antarctica. You can find painted ladies everywhere from meadows to vacant lots. Its sometimes called the cosmopolitan butterfly, because of its global distribution. Although it is resident only in warmer climates, it often migrates into colder regions in spring and fall, making it the butterfly with the widest distribution of any species.   2. The painted lady is sometimes called the thistle butterfly or the cosmopolitan  butterfly. It is called the thistle butterfly because thistle plants are its favorite nectar plant for food; it is called the cosmopolitan butterfly because of its global distribution. Its scientific name- Vanessa cardui- translates as butterfly of thistle.   3. Painted ladies have unusual migration patterns. The painted lady is an irruptive migrant, meaning that it migrates independent of any seasonal or geographic patterns. Some evidence suggests that painted lady migrations may be linked to the El Nià ±o climate pattern. In Mexico and some other regions, it appears that migration is sometimes related to overpopulation. The migrating populations that move from North Africa to Europe may include millions of butterflies, and migrating populations numbering hundreds of thousands of individuals are common.  In spring, painted ladies fly low when migrating, usually only 6 to 12 feet above the ground. This makes them highly visible to butterfly watchers, but also rather susceptible to colliding with cars. At other times, evidence suggests that painted ladies migrate at such high altitudes that they are not observed at all, simply appearing in a new region unexpectedly.   4. Painted ladies fly fast and far. These medium-sized butterflies can cover a lot of ground, up to 100 miles per day during their migration. A painted lady is capable of reaching a speed of nearly 30 miles per hour. Painted ladies reach northern areas well ahead of some of their more famous migrating cousins, like  monarch butterflies. And because they get such an early start to their spring travel, migrating painted ladies are able to feed on spring annuals, like fiddlenecks (Amsinckia). 5. Painted lady butterflies do not overwinter in cold regions. Unlike many other species of butterflies that migrate to warm climates in winter, painted ladies die once winter hits in colder regions. They are present in cold regions only because of their impressive ability to migrate long distances from their warm-weather breeding areas.   6. Painted lady caterpillars eat thistle. Thistle, which can be an invasive weed, is one of the painted lady caterpillars favorite food plants. The painted lady probably owes its global abundance to the fact that its larvae feed on such common plants. The painted lady also goes by the name thistle butterfly, and its scientific name- Vanessa cardui- means butterfly of thistle.   7. Painted ladies sometimes damage soybean crops. When the butterflies are found in large numbers, they can do serious damage to soybean crops. The damage occurs during the larval stages when caterpillars eat soybean foliage after hatching from eggs.  Ã‚   8. Males use the perch and patrol method for finding mates. Male painted ladies actively patrol their territory for receptive females in the afternoon. Should a male butterfly  find a mate, he will usually retreat with his partner to a treetop, where they will mate overnight. 9. Painted lady caterpillars weave silk tents. Unlike other caterpillars in the genus Vanessa, painted lady larvae construct their tents from silk. Youll usually find their fluffy shelters on thistle plants. Similar species, such as the American lady caterpillar, make their tents by stitching leaves together instead. 10. On overcast days, painted ladies can often be found on the ground, huddling in small depressions. On sunny days, the butterflies prefer open areas filled with colorful flowers.

Human Resources Diagnosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resources Diagnosis - Essay Example Richland Community College, like other complex systems, takes in resources and operate on them to produce some kind of output. They therefore depend on a continuing flow of resources for their existence and thus find themselves in an endless competition with other organizations that need the same resources. The main practices introduced by the College and its leader, Bill, are change management and motivation, positive climate (achieved by equal treatment of all employees) and self-evaluation. Richland Community College is a non-profit organization thus it has to compete more effectively in order to get a larger portion of available resources, which means that those that compete less effectively get fewer resources. Organizations act much like other systems that have intelligence. They have goals and long-term strategies for achieving them. By the same token, they also have strategies for how they are going to compete with other organizations to obtain the resources they need. The mi dlevel sets the conditions, procedures, and standards for the production level and allocates resources so as to promote production efficiency and effectiveness. And it, as is true for the operations layer, may also have several levels of "real" management.

Perspectives on Policing SC2037C Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Perspectives on Policing SC2037C - Essay Example The criminologists have become increasingly preoccupied with policing over the past two decades and recently there has been growing attention paid to the regulatory activities undertaken by other bodies of officials and to the private security industry. The policing explores the law enforcement, rules and the complexity of the order maintenance, with an explicit focus on the relation ship between the private sectors and public. The creation of professional police was for the benefits of the middle classes and not for the society as a whole. Community policing is a process in which the crime control is shared by the public. The purpose of community policing is to develop the communication between the interest groups and public. In United States during the 1970s the community policing described the tactics of short term to repair the relations of the police minority, when the investigations and the entrenched petrol failed then a largely cosmetic exercise masking reluctance to make the major changes. The community policing strive and define to enact a posited common good. The policing can produce the unanticipated consequences. (Nigel Fielding, 1995) The important developments in the organization of police were occurred in the areas of mobilization of petrol officers and command organization, the work of petrol officers and the organization, and the use and access of systems of information by all level of personnel. While to consolidate the law enforcement there has been some efforts, generally the organizations of police remain resistant to this goal. Numerous changes have been produced by the bureaucratization of the police and those changes were within departments and have been influenced very strongly by the changing situations or conditions from the department of outside. The problem oriented and community based policing are shaping the way in which some organizations of police conduct their business

Keeping the Lights On the Tanks Full Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Keeping the Lights On the Tanks Full - Essay Example This value shows that the current generation highly depends on crude oil and that life would be almost impossible if the use of crude oil products is stopped. Is this the case? This paper looks at a variety of options that we can use as a substitute to the use of oil. Before we take a look into this topic it is good to ask a very simple question, â€Å"can there be any positive effect on the alternative change of using crude oil products as our main source of energy or can it just worsen the situation?† Taking a walk around my neighborhood, I noticed that there are so many oil refineries. The one question that I asked myself is the cost that it takes the oil manufactures to erect and maintain such large industries. From the information that I collected, it is estimated that it cost over $20 million to erect an oil refinery site and even more to maintain it. Is it not an obvious fact that all these are transferred to the consumer and not the oil manufactures? It means that all these costs are incorporated into the prices of the oil and the consumer is forced to pay for it. This is just a simple example of how expensive oil is to the common man (Cothran 54). If an alternative could be made such that the source of energy does not have to depend on large refineries such as the ones set aside for the oil refinery then in turn we would reduce the prices of energy tremendously. For example let’s take a look at someone using a generator to provide electric energy to his family and another using solar energy. The one using solar energy will have to use just a few dollars for installation while the other would have to be buying diesel like every day. This shows that crude oil products are expensive and there are other sources of energy such as solar energy that are less expensive and that can provide us with more energy as compared to the crude oil energy (Behrens 78). Never has it ever been recorded that people fright for cooking oil that is made from natu ral vegetables. However from the movie it is also evident that oil cost us a lot of lives to import and export. Take a look at the bombing of the twin towers (Fuel). This is just an example of how much pain we aver to go in order to maintain the oil energy that flows into our market. We have to do a lot of things in order to get oil, we have to create enemies and at the same time use force and even soldiers in order to get and maintain the oil that we use. If we didn’t depend on oil then there would be no enmity between the US and Iraq or any Arabian country. However due to our dependency on oil we have to get exposed to terrorists and at the same time have our people killed as we kill others as well so that we can maintain our energy at all times. If we used bio diesel instead of the regular diesel, then there would be no fight for energy as every nation would be able to produce its energy. This means that bio-diesel apart from being cheap and readily available will bring mo re peace to the world as compared to the fights that are seen by oil and the lots of lives that we have to lose because of the fights for oil energy (Behrens 78). If we used clean coal as our source of energy then there would be less pollution to our environment. Before the world was a better place to live in. people could swim anywhere, and eat most of the fish that comes from almost all the waters.

The Recommendation To Improve Market Research Marketing Essay

The Recommendation To Improve Market Research Marketing Essay Nike, Inc. is engaged in the design, development and worldwide marketing of footwear, apparel, equipment and accessory products. It sells its products to approximately 18,000 retail accounts in the United States and through a mix of independent distributors, licensees and subsidiaries in nearly 200 countries. Despite the fact Nike carrys out everlasting, basic research that benefits a number of facets of the sports and fitness industry, their primary focus is to deliver which in turn is directed towards applied research. Applied research emphasises on short-term action such as successfully bringing about a new product lines. This proves to be a strength as this method of research is less costly than basic research and less risky due to the short-term nature. Successful projects can feature instant profitability while unsuccessful projects may be abandoned without facing large losses. Focus Weakness Applied research can be a weakness as well. Many new, inventive ideas come into existence as a result of basic research. Nevertheless more risky and expensive, Nike would gain from the rise in the basic research which would strengthen the organization with potential opportunities and proper discoveries of which Nike could take advantage. Posture Strength Nike as a brand gives its posture a cutting edge over its other competitors, at the same time adapting to securing a place and at other instances to make an approach to secure a position. Nike self-satisfaction is of late being a premiere provider of high quality sports footwear and apparel. Variation in the product has been the key to support Nike in achieving its position as the leader in the market. Due to this very position of Nike in the footwear industry, it can afford to look ahead giving more emphasis on new products it wants to develop as compared to other companies with attempt to improve upon existing products and services. From time to time, it needs to adjust its posture in relation to a particular product line or area of products. Nike may also choose a defensive strategy to find a solution of some problem at that instant it may might as well use the strategy of using an idea which is well worked out for other companies and may implement the same for its own which in ot her words is mimic what is working well for other companies in the industry. Marketing Research Strength of Marketing Research Nikes core is depended on marketing research on a continuous basis to benefit in keeping up the companys position as the leader in athletic footwear and apparel industry. The result of such analysis enables Nike to make decisions regarding its different divisions. Its decision is benefitted to recondition the apparel division, an area where the company offers a number of possibilities. Nike will be arranging the internal business by gender instead of the sport category they are using now. They also plan to carry out more experiment concerning the buying habits of men, who are frequently item-driven and women who are more collection-driven. Limitations of Marketing Research Focusing on applied research can be a weakness as well. Many new, innovative ideas come into existence as a result of basic, unspecific research. Though more risky and expensive, Nike would benefit from increasing the amount of basic research we conduct with hopes of uncovering potential opportunities of which Nike could take advantage. Accurate, up-to-date information obtained by marketing research can be of enormous value to Nike as an organization in gaining and/or maintaining its competitive edge. However, there are a number of reasons why, in reality, these potential benefits may not be realized: Budgetary constraints   gathering and processing data can be very expensive. Nike may lack the expertise to conduct extensive surveys to gather primary data, whatever the potential benefits, and also lack the funds to pay specialist market research agencies to gather such data for them.   In these cases, Nike may be forced to rely on data that is less than perfect but that can be accessed more cheaply, e.g., from secondary sources. Time constraints   Nike are often forced to balance the need to build up as detailed a picture as possible regarding customer needs etc. against the desire to make decisions as quickly as possible, in order to maintain or improve their position in the market. Reliability of the data   the value  of any research findings depend critically on the accuracy of the data collected.   Data quality can be compromised via a number of potential routes, e.g., leading questions, unrepresentative samples, biased interviewers etc.   Efforts to ensure that data is accurate, samples are representative and interviewers are objective will all add to the costs of the research but such costs are necessary if poor decisions and expensive mistakes are to be avoided. Legal Ethical Constraints The Data Protection Act (1998) is a good example of a law that has a number of implications for market researchers collecting and holding personal data.   For instance, researchers must ensure that the data they obtain is kept secure, is only used for lawful purposes and is only kept for as long as it is necessary.   It must be made clear as to why data is being collected and the consent of participants must be obtained. In addition to this, there are a number of guidelines, laid down by Nike as the Market Research Society, that, although not legally binding, encourage Nike to behave ethically when dealing with members of the public. Recommendation to Improve Market Research: Nike should make a make a proper budget before implementing a market research. Nike should be give appropriate time to each market research. Nike should follow all the legal rules laid down to improve the market research. Nike should stay away from un ethical marketing research. Nike should identify it target market before each research. SWOT Analysis of Nike Strengths Nike is a very competitive organization. Phil Knight (Founder and CEO) is often quoted as saying that Business is war without bullets. Nike has a healthy dislike of its competitors. At the Atlanta Olympics, Reebok went to the expense of sponsoring the games. Nike did not. However Nike sponsored the top athletes and gained valuable coverage. Nike has no factories. It does not tie up cash in buildings and manufacturing workers. This makes a very lean organization. Nike is strong at research and development, as is evidenced by its evolving and innovative product range. They then manufacture wherever they can produce high quality product at the lowest possible price. If prices rise, and products can be made more cheaply elsewhere (to the same or better specification), Nike will move production. Nike is a global brand. It is the number one sports brand in the World. Its famous Swoosh is instantly recognizable, and Phil Knight even has it tattooed on his ankle. Weaknesses The organization does have a diversified range of sports products. However, the income of the business is still heavily dependent upon its share of the footwear market. This may leave it vulnerable if for any reason its market share erodes. The retail sector is very price sensitive. Nike does have its own retailer in Nike Town. However, most of its income is derived from selling into retailers. Retailers tend to offer a very similar experience to the consumer. Can you tell one sports retailer from another? So margins tend to get squeezed as retailers try to pass some of the low price competition pressure onto Nike. Opportunities Product development offers Nike many opportunities. The brand is fiercely defended by its owners whom truly believe that Nike is not a fashion brand. However, like it or not, consumers that wear Nike product do not always buy it to participate in sport. Some would argue that in youth culture especially, Nike is a fashion brand. This creates its own opportunities, since product could become unfashionable before it wears out i.e. consumers need to replace shoes. There is also the opportunity to develop products such as sport wear, sunglasses and jewelry. Such high value items do tend to have associated with them, high profits. The business could also be developed internationally, building upon its strong global brand recognition. There are many markets that have the disposable income to spend on high value sports goods. For example, emerging markets such as China and India have a new richer generation of consumers. There are also global marketing events that can be utilized to support the brand such as the World Cup (soccer) and The Olympics. Threats Nike is exposed to the international nature of trade. It buys and sells in different currencies and so costs and margins are not stable over long periods of time. Such an exposure could mean that Nike may be manufacturing and/or selling at a loss. This is an issue that faces all global brands. The market for sports shoes and garments is very competitive. The model developed by Phil Knight in his Stamford Business School days (high value branded product manufactured at a low cost) is now commonly used and to an extent is no longer a basis for sustainable competitive advantage. Competitors are developing alternative brands to take away Nikes market share. As discussed above in weaknesses, the retail sector is becoming price competitive. This ultimately means that consumers are shopping around for a better deal. So if one store charges a price for a pair of sports shoes, the consumer could go to the store along the street to compare prices for the exactly the same item, and buy the cheaper of the two. Such consumer price sensitivity is a potential external threat to Nike. PESTLE Analysis of Nike Political Analysis The government must create economic policies that will foster the growth of businesses. Nike, fortunately, has been helped by the US policies which enable it to advance its products. The support accorded to Nike by the US government, particularly in the general macroeconomic stability, low interest rates, stable currency conditions and the international competitiveness of the tax system, form the foundation critical to Nikes growth. Economic Analysis In economy, the biggest threat for Nike would be economic recession. During recession, Nikes growth will be adversely affected. The US economy is experiencing a downturn right now. Consumer purchases are slowing down. Currently, Nikes feeling the pinch of the economic recession. The Asian economic crisis also affects Nike since its goods are manufactured in Asia. The labor costs socially responsible   and material prices are going up. Nikes growth is not just affected by the local economy but also in the international economy. A weak Euro and an Asian recession could mean weak sales for Nike. The overall results in the sales generated by Nike in athletic footwear, however, remained stable. The global market makes up for the variances in sales particularly between peak and lean seasons. Society Analysis People are more health conscious nowadays. Diet and health are getting more prominence. Consequently, more and more people are joining fitness clubs. There is an accompanying demand for fitness products particularly exercise apparel, shoes and equipment. Nike is at the forefront of this surge in demand as people are looking for sports shoes, apparel and equipment. Nike, however, failed to foresee problems brought about by a sweatshop expose pertaining to labor and factory conditions at production locations in Asia. This caused bad publicity and declining sales as society and consumers demand more  companies. Technology Analysis Nike uses IT in its marketing information systems very effectively. Nike applies marketing information systems to the economics of innovation, segmentation and differentiation for most of its businesses. Nikes leadership status owes in large part to the use of extremely valuable Information Technology, and applying it to every aspect of the product from development to distribution. Nike, being the world leader in the athletic footwear industry, is able to effectively harness its environment to boost its marketing efforts. This strategy has translated into robust sales of Nikes products.

The Janjaweed of Darfur :: essays research papers

The millions of refugees due to violence in Sudan have been produced by the Janjaweed.The word Janjaweed is a term that is used to describe certain armed gunmen in Darfur. The word Janjaweed means 'a man with a gun on a horse'. The janjaweed are an army formed of men from tribes in Darfur and Chad that have become infamous due to their tendencies to be racist, rape, and massacre. The Janjaweed are a group who are against African farmers who have settled in Darfur.The janjaweed is made up of Sudanese and Chadian horse riding nomads. The janjaweed militias are known to attack in large numbers on camels and horseback. The janjaweed push people from their land, often towards town centers. The janjaweed have developed over the years, now having more sophisticated weapons but the same ideals. The janjaweed were first formed in 1988 after the Chadian president defeated the Libyan army. This ended territorial designs on Chad. By 2006 many Janjaweed have joined the Sudan Armed Forces. Many world leaders believe that the Janjaweed killings in Darfur are considered genocide. The janjaweed militia has killed about 450,000 civilians in the course of 3 years. The UN Security Council decided that they want the Janjaweed disarmed. Informally, the Janjaweed were created to run the non-Arabs out of the country. Janjaweed have also been known to steal cattle from non-Arab farms. The Janjaweed were a militia that was tolerated by the Sudanese government in the attempts to control land. It has been said that the Sudanese government formed the Janjaweed but they deny this, saying that they only formed self-defense armies after they were attacked. Although, the Sudanese government did in fact use the Janjaweed at one time or another to protect and serve Sudan. After the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) attacked the Sudanese government, they armed the Janjaweed and sent them to counterattack. The Janjaweed executed a ?scorched earth? attack meaning they destroyed everything useful to their enemy and killed many people.

Happy Endings by Margaret Atwood Analysis Essay

Margaret Atwood’s ‘‘Happy Endings’’ first appeared in the 1983 Canadian collection, Murder in the Dark, and it was published in 1994 for American audiences in Good Bones and Simple Murders. Subtitled ‘‘Short Fiction and Prose Poems,’’ Murder in the Dark featured four types of works: autobiographical sketches, travel notes, experimental pieces addressing the nature of writing, and short pieces dealing with typical Atwood themes, notably the relationship between the sexes. ‘‘Happy Endings,’’ which is essentially a self-referential story framework, falls into the third category. In ‘‘Happy Endings,’’ Atwood fulfills this role with a challenge that she throws out to those writers who rely on the stereotypical characterization of men and women and to the reader who accepts such gender typing. At the same time, she challenges other writers to more closely examine typical literary convention (1). Margaret Atwood was born on November 18, 1939, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Her childhood was divided between the city and the country. Her family spent the school year in Ottawa and Toronto, where her father taught entomology or worked for government agencies, and summers in northern Quebec and Ontario where her father conducted research. These early experiences away from urban society encouraged Atwood to read and develop her imagination. As a child, Atwood composed and illustrated poems, which she collected into small books. She wrote prose and poetry for her high school drama class. In her short story â€Å"Happy Endings†, Margaret Atwood simultaneously displays her feelings about not only the art of creative writing, but also the equally artistic act of living one’s life to the fullest. The story, if it can really be called a â€Å"story† in the traditional sense of the word, immediately breaks the thin wall of author/audience by presenting a completely uniqu e structure: that of an outline or a jumbled notebook. By asking the reader, â€Å"If you want a happy ending, try A,† Atwood is seemingly giving the reader a choice. Since â€Å"A† must be the happy ending, it implies that there are other, more sinister endings yet to be discovered. Appropriately, after the happy ending has completed, there follows five more endings, all of which seem to be quite depressing, but nevertheless end in â€Å"everything continues in A† Margaret Atwood uses her short story Happy Endings to show that it is not the end of a story that is important it is the middle. She seems to say that the endings are all clichà © that the middle is the part that is unique. This holds true with literature versus a beach novel although a beach novel and piece of literature may end the same way it is the rest of the book that makes one different from the other. As she says the true ending is â€Å"John and Mary die† the only guarantee in life is death. So since the ending is already known why does it have the tendency to â€Å"steal† the spotlight from the rest of the story? Sure in some cases people can guess the middle of a story from the ending, if they find someone died in an electric chair they can assume he committed a crime. However if someone dies from heart failure no one can know anything about his life, they may guess the person ate too much junk food, or drank too much but if they don’t know anything else they can’t guess the middle. However if someone knows the middle they can guess the ending, if they are told that person â€Å"A† had to have triple bypass surgery and that person â€Å"B† murdered a few people they can make an educated guess how each story ends. †¨But even the middle of the story is only part of a greater whole, without the beginning of the story no one can tell why certain events happened and what lead to person â€Å"A† to doing â€Å"action z†. Atwood also says that what happens is not all-important but how it happens and why it happens. According to Atwood, all the what’s are just the plot, one thing that happens after another, however the how and the whys are what really make a story more than a story. This is the important part, the how’s and the whys are what makes a story literature with out them it makes no difference if the prose is expertly laid out or not it is all still a story nothing more. The step from story to literature is a gray line and is based on personal taste, as Justice Stewart said â€Å"I know it when I see it† although he was referring to obscenity it is just as applicable here. The use of story like this to portray the differences in opinion on what makes a story is pure genius on the part of Atwood, what is even more interesting is the fact that it is also considered literature. The main theme in most literature that divides it from the rest of the stories is that literature tries to make a specific point, and in doing so forces the reader to think about the point that the author is trying to make. In this way it is easy to decide what is literature and what is not, if at the end of a story if the reader’s only thought is â€Å"Gee, what a nice story† then it is most definitely not literature, but if instead if the thought is more along the lines of â€Å"The author said A, B and C but were they really trying to make a point about D?† it is literature. Although even this test has it’s holes because literature for one person is just a nice story for someone else. As Flannery O’Connor said, â€Å"[if you don’t get the enlightenment] just sit back and enjoy the story. Why would Atwood do this? In each of her scenarios, she creates two main characters, John and Mary appropriately boring names for characters that are so underdeveloped and stereotyped as to be almost comedic. It would be possible to call them each protagonist, but they are the very definition of flat characters: dull and undeveloped. In fact, the reader is informed of their personality traits not because Atwood shows them through a conflict or a plot rather, she simply tells them. Lines such as, â€Å"She sleeps with him even though she’s not in love with him,† present the type of stock character that Mary or John will assume for said scenario without any mystery involved. By creating such flat characters that differ between scenarios, but still coming back with â€Å"everything continues as in A,† Atwood brings up an interesting point: it’s not the destination that matters it’s all the same for everyone it’s the journey. In fact, after presenting all of her mock scenarios for the characters, Atwood abruptly changes tone to tell the reader an important fact: â€Å"The only authentic ending is the one presented here: John and Mary die. John and Mary die. John and Mary die.† After all, at the end of every person’s life, regardless of how he or she lived it or what he or she experienced, they will encounter death. Atwood notices that people tend to not think quite like this, if only because it is not the most comforting of thoughts, and she uses â€Å"Happy Endings† to allow people a chance to be a bit introspective. â€Å"So much for endings. Beginnings are always more fun. True connoisseurs, however, are known to favor the stretch in between, since it’s the hardest to do anything with.† Such is true for writing; such is true for life. With her unconventional structure, caricatures for characters, and sometimes-sarcastic tone, Atwood manages to convey one of the most important concepts about life of all. Do not let life become â€Å"a what and a what and a what.† Learn to favor the stretch between beginning and end, and then, perhaps, you can make your own happy ending.

Essay about Different Education Pattern

Essay about Different Education Pattern Essay about Different Education Pattern Name: Yvonne Lin Level: 4A Differences in Education Pattern When it comes to Nobel Laureates, there is a prevailing question in mainland China why there is not a mainland-born Chinese who is rewarded the Nobel Prize in scientific areas such as Physics and Chemistry. In 2010, statistics conducted by BBC News has shown that over the intervening 109 years (1901-2010), Western countries claimed the most winners. Many Chinese blame this for the education pattern as they embrace that it is education that changes a country and the world. Due to the differences in political system and history, generally speaking, there are significant differences but few commonalities in education pattern between China and Western countries. Despite that Chinese educationists are making revolutionary progress in education pattern, they emphasizes too much on solely obtaining knowledge in various realms while Western countries aim at cultivating students’ habit of analysis, fostering creativity and developing critical thinking. Because of the requirement of tests, Chinese students have to recite all the theories they have learned, and usually, there is only one answer to a question. In addition, they have rare access to the laboratory to experience the magic of science especially in some impoverished areas where top-notch facilities don’t exist. In contrast, students in Western countries are more fortunate since they can immerse themselves in experiments which most Chinese students are eager to do. Besides, not only do the teachers in Western countries teach knowledge, they are also trying to fulfill students’ potential no matter whether it is relevant to academic areas. Furthermore, when we compare students in these countries, it is obvious that Chinese students are less likely to be exposed to the sunshine. Why? Because Chinese parents and teachers attach great importance to score, the youths lack opportunities to get involved in abundant extracurricular activities, which is cont rary to the situation in Western countries where students are fully encouraged to participate in

Declutter Your Inbox in 5 Easy Steps

Declutter Your Inbox in 5 Easy Steps Is your inbox clogged with emails you just don’t have it in you to respond to? I’ll do that tomorrow, you think. And again the next day. And again. Until it’s lodged safely on the â€Å"previous† screen and all that’s left is the niggling sense of guilt that you didn’t do something you were supposed to do. Sound familiar?It might not be all your fault. So many emails these days are too long and too unclear. They’re harder to respond to because there’s no clear information or ask identifiable. But that’s someone else’s problem, you think. Right? Well, sort of.What if we all started paying more attention to making our emails shorter, clearer, and more succinct? Think of it as the email revolution. And part of that revolution involves taking these 5 steps to declutter your inbox.1. Cut it in halfThink before you write. What’s your general expected word count for this particular bit of correspondence? 250 words? Write it out, then see if you can cut it in half, by weeding out unnecessary words, equivocations, and superfluous details. Keep practicing this and eventually you’ll be able to half it before you start writing and save yourself the editing step.2. Think 5 sentences or bustThis won’t work in every situation, obviously. Discretion here is key. But, whenever possible, try to challenge yourself to send emails of 5  sentences- max.3. Pyramid itJournalists often use the pyramid technique when writing news stories. Put the most important information right up front, then the pleasantries and other sundries in decreasing order of importance down the page. That way you reader knows immediately what this email is about and what you need from them.4. Don’t get lazyDon’t think of shorter emails as an excuse to slack. We’re talking sharper, better emails- not just one-line, half-baked responses that will only frustrate your colleagues and your boss. Try to s ee whether you can solve the problem, finish the project, and make the email chain stop at your desk  through a bit of careful thinking.5. Clarity is keyOne of the best parts about this new email philosophy is that it will encourage you to ask for what you need and want- clearly, and without hedging bets or hemming and hawing around your questions. Make it easy for people to help you, or say yes to your proposal, or just correspond with you in the course of business. You’ll all be better off.

NGO's Gender Empowerment in Africa the case of women in Democratic Essay

NGO's Gender Empowerment in Africa the case of women in Democratic Republic of Congo - Essay Example To quote, the reasons are: The paper stated the facts that women play a very crucial role in the development of the country. It has specifically stated that women are taking part in the peace building and even on the country’s reconstruction initiatives. Thus, it is reinforced in the paper that having this roles, women’s involvement in the major decision making process of the country will somehow ensure the improvement of the country. The paper has provided evidence that the democratic Republic of Congo is a member of those countries which have included provisions for gender equality in the constitution. This paper focused on the fact that this constitution – the political will – should now be put into action – into reality. Equal Access of women and men to electoral mandates and electoral offices will improve governance and at the same time bring sustainable solutions to development of the country; women are not seeking to govern against men, but to govern with men to maximize development potential in the DRC. (UNDF 2005) The statement above concluded the entire paper. It is reinforcing the fact that men and women should be treated equally particularly if it concerns a major decision process that will benefit and will affect the entire nation. This paper basically talks about just one right that every women should be given – and that is the right to vote and the right to acquire a position in the government. The men are enjoying this basic human right, but the Congolese women are still fighting for it. This makes this press very important in my research. With this press release, it is now clear that there are many NGO’s who have been supporting Congolese women and their quest for equal rights. This paper also answers how most NGO’s such as the UNDF views Congolese women in particular. The very attributes of Congolese women that are included

The Concept of Adjusted Net Savings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Concept of Adjusted Net Savings - Essay Example Some of the recent theoretical work has derived the association between development prospects and saving effort. There are two results associated with the linkage levels of the saving and the development prospect (positive and negative adjusted net savings). Savings, in this case, is described as the change in the real wealth excluding the capital gains (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2004, p31). Â  The first result is positive adjusted net savings and in this case, the current value of the social welfare that is along the path of development increases. It has the implication that the development path in which the net saving is positive is located where the current value of the social welfare is ever increasing. To evaluate the improvement of the social welfare, net saving can be used sufficiently to measure it. The second result is negative adjusted net savings and in this case, the current value of the social welfare is declining; the level of the social welfare over sometime in the future along the development path will be lower than the present social welfare. This implies that the economy is on a path that is unsustainable, thus, negative net savings indicates unsustainability in an economy (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2004, p31). Â  According to The World Bank, adjusted net saving is used as a sustainability indicator that is based on the concepts of the green national accounts. Adjusted net savings evaluates the economy’s true rate of savings after taking into consideration the account the depletion of the natural resources, investments in the human capital, and the harm caused by pollution. Other than serving as an indicator of sustainability, adjusted net savings is also an indicator of policy (The World Bank 2010, p1).

Social Network Website Design & Justification 2 Assignment

Social Network Website Design & Justification 2 - Assignment Example As it is clear, the user is captivated by the message at the top. They will feel compelled to be part of life savers. After the user is assured that the signup process is simple, it should follow this and be simple as suggested. On clicking link that will lead them to the signup stage, the client should have a good and simple experience in the signup. This should be shown by the way the signup process takes place. As can be seen in figure 2, the sign up process is simple and does not take much of the time. It does not require a lot of details from the client. Just simple facts that is required in the SignUp process. There should also be use of attractive design objects. Most young users like flashy and attractive sites. They are attracted to things that are beautiful. This could be in the beginning of the web page. In figure 3, there is an addition of some graphics that will captivate the user into signing up for the service. By the use the dove, the user will have a feeling that it is for a good cause. The use of the dove has found prominence in religious procedures to signify sympathy and care. The wireframe shown in figure 4 shows a simple way of gramification. This figure shows how the web page can motivate someone to donate blood. Young social site users like such interesting things that will motivate them into registering and filling out the form. This page can be put in the beginning of the website. Another issue is that of giving simple links that are easy to find. This way, the user will not find it hard to get the link that will lead them to the site that they are to register. In figure 4, the user will click on the images in order to undertake the registration. In the design of the website, there is a need to include the various types of users and blood donors. From figure 5, the users have been categorized so that it is easier to categorize users in regard to the frequency in which they visit the site. It follows a simple design structure

Complete and Utter Idiots Guide to Sending an Email Essay Example for Free

Complete and Utter Idiots Guide to Sending an Email Essay This may seem like a completely impossible task, but trust me, it’s easy. An everyday completely normal task for most people, but you are not most people, are you? Well, there’s one thing you must do. We are assuming you already own a computer and have an email, so the first thing that is vital in this†¦ find your computer. I know! You have to get up, use those long things on the end of your body made for walking, and look. No†¦ that’s the telly. We are looking for something that looks like a smaller telly with a keyboard and a mouse. No, no, no! Not a real mouse! Now get down from your sofa and look for a screen. Yes, that’s it! Gosh, if it takes you this long to find your computer this is going to be a long day. Congratulations! Now, as you are looking at the computer, sit down on the chair in front of it. Sit on the seat, not the top, bottom or legs, on the actually seat. Yes, that’s a bit more comfy isn’t it? I hope your computer is in fully working order? Supposing that it is, you need to find a big button that turns your computer on. No, that opens up the CD drive. Don’t push it back in! Press the button again so you don’t break it. Oh my, look! It’s right in front of you on that big box. Woohoo! You found it, now login using your password that you thought up so you would remember it. Yes, it is the word written on the sticky note stuck to the wall above you. Now, the long oblong in front of you, that’s your keyboard. No, an oblong is another word for a rectangle†¦ a long square? Yes, the thing with the buttons. Now, press the buttons with the letters/numbers/punctuation that are identical to the ones written on your sheet. Yes, you have to write them in the same order, otherwise itswrong. Thank the lord, you’ve logged on! You’ve just achieved something in your life! Be proud, be very, very proud. The next ‘impossible’ task you have to face is finding the internet icon and using your mouse to click on it. We have already established that this is not a real mouse, so calm down. Now, your computer screen will generally look like this: This may look big and scary but it’s simple really, if you just listen. As you probably don’t know, there are different types of internet service providers. The most common one is internet explorer which is automatically downloaded onto most computers. So we will just stick with that one. The symbol is a blue E. found it? No, that’s not it†¦ yes, the blue E. Good.

Central Nervous System Essay -- Biology, Cells, Retinogenesis

SPECIFIC AIMS The neural progenitor cells give rise to myriad cell types of the central nervous system during development [1]. However, the molecular basis of generation of diverse cell types from a single pool of progenitors is largely unknown. As a part of the central nervous system, the neural retina is an ideal model system to comprehend this mechanism because its cellular diversity also results from multipotent progenitors, the retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) [2-4]. During retinogenesis, RPCs pass through different competent stages, each characterized largely by a unique set of transcription factors and defining RPCs’ ability to generate specific cell types during sequential cell divisions [5-7]. This study is an attempt to further our understanding of how transcription factors direct RPCs to differentiate into retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the cell that connect retina to the brain. It is known that the basic helix-turn-helix transcription factor Math-5 renders RPCs the competence to adopt an RGC fate [8-10]. It essentially acts by turning on the expression of the POU domain factor Pou4f2 and the LIM homeobox factor Isl1, both critical for RGC differentiation and survival [11-12]. However, not all Math5-expressing progenitors become RGCs [13]. Nor can Pou4f2 and Isl1 be the only factors governing the terminal differentiation of RGCs as a large proportion of Math-5 controlled genes is not regulated by them [12]. What factors specify RGC fate? What are those non-Pou4f2/Isl1 factors that take part in RGC differentiation? If we are to set a milestone in medicine by using cell replacement therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases, such fundamental questions like these must be answered. Available evidences suggest that the tra... ...OC factors in RGC development. In the developing liver, OC factors control TGF-ÃŽ ² signaling [18, 21], which is pro-apoptotic in RGCs [23]. Therefore, an Inquiry into the retinal onecut/TGF-ÃŽ ² connection and its downstream consequences may further our understanding of the regulation of RGC apoptosis, which is disturbed in several degenerative diseases. Using qPCR, Western blot, and reporter assay, I will first assess if retinal TGF-ÃŽ ² signaling is enhanced in the absence of OC factors. Then using a rescue experiment, I will see if increased TGF-ÃŽ ² signaling accounts for the retinal phenotype seen in onecut-null mice. Finally, using in situ hybridization, IF staining and reporter assay, I will look into the relationship of OC factors with Math5, Pouf42, and Isl1 to establish their tentative position in the hierarchy of transcription factors that control RGC development.

Harley Davidson Essay

Market segment: is a portion of a larger market whose needs differ somewhat from the larger market. Market segmentation involves four steps: Identifying product-related need sets, grouping customers with similar need sets, describing each group, selecting an attractive segment(s) to serve. The goal is develop a product focused solely on the needs of the segment this will meet the segment’s desires better than a firm whose product or service attempts to meet the needs of multiple segments. Q2. Geographic segmentation- allows us to segment a market that is spread over a large geographic area into sub-markets that cover smaller geographic areas. Geographic segmentation usually involves dividing up geographic markets by using existing political boundaries, natural climatic zones, or population boundaries. Demographic segmentation- occurs when one or more demographic traits are employed to divide a market. Typical demographic traits that are used include age, gender, race, ethnicity, marital status, family size and stage of the family life cycle. Psychographic segmentation- bases divide markets based on differences in lifestyles or differences in personality traits. Lifestyle segmentation is one of the most popular and effective ways to create segments for consumer products. Consumer shopping behavior patterns include such things as the type of store shopped in, timing of purchases (i.e. time of day, week, or year), how much of a product is purchased on a given visit to the store, and how often the individual frequents a particular type of retail establishment or shopping mall. Behavioral segmentation-include product consumption or usage rates base (as discussed earlier). Other segmentation bases included in this category are product usage occasion, product use versus non-use, and loyalties to specific brands. Website: http://courses.unt.edu/kt3650_7/sld006.htm Q3. Harley-Davidson has change their market segment by attacking the market globally in different areas of the country. Harley noticed next to China, India is the second largest two-wheelers market in the world. More than 500-600 super bikes are sold every year in India. The super-bike segment in India is currently dominated by Japanese bike makers including Honda, Suzuki and Yamaha. Another way Harley-Davidson is changing their segments is by reaching more diverse customer pool, even as the company consistently grows with their traditional customer base. â€Å"In 2012, U.S. sales of new Harley-Davidson motorcycles to our â€Å"outreach† customers — young adults 18-34, women, African-Americans and Hispanics – grew overall at more than twice the rate as sales to our traditional U.S. customer base of Caucasian men, ages 35-plus.† For the fifth straight year in 2012, Harley-Davidson was the number one seller of new street motorcycle to each of these groups. In fact, Harley-Davidson experienced double-digit market share gains from 2008-2012 in the U.S. with these segments. Q4. Marketing potential in general boils down to a very basic formula. It figures out a customers’ profile (who you want to target with your marketing) and combine that with the geographic size you want to target (how many of those people are in that area). This is a general market potential. It relates to target market because it narrows down the customers that are more advantages to buy the product per contra to not having not having a target market which puts a higher risk for product sale but also enables a large slice of the market. Website: http://courses.unt.edu/kt3650_7/sld006.htm

Charitable organization

The website is used to let the people know about their shop in more details e. G. Hat do they do, donations, collections and so on. Site search is easy to access Major Headings Are Clear & Descriptive Navigation Labels Are Clear & Concise TV (advertisements) Marketing Finance They used TV for advertisements to convey a message for their customers e. G. What is British Heart Foundation is for etc. Basically, to market a product or service. Can easily identify the topic Trying to show the qualities of the product or service the commercial is trying to sell. To convince the target audience to buy a product or to donate.Posters To inform about their products they selling to their customers. To persuade customers to come and visit the shop. Sales Discounts Half-price Special offers Face to face Sales They talk to the customers personally about what they do, how to donate clothes and how to contact them and also to get involved to help others. Persuasive words More information Formal used of language Leaflets They used leaflet to reach customers in their homes. Basically, it's not a phone call that will annoy them when they're relaxing or chilling.Direct (whoso it for? ) For people wants to donate clothes phone number(s) email address business address Phone call want to donate clothes or you want them to collect it. Phone call is easier to contact them. You can contact them anywhere you like A phone call gives you more time to communicate Allows you to confirm and check details quickly. Email A way of communicating to someone by sending messages and a way to send important documents. Easy to use The language used in emails is simple Formal/landforms language

Understanding Division Of Labor

Understanding Division Of Labor Division of labor refers to the range of tasks within a social system. This can vary from everyone doing the same thing to each person having a specialized role. It is theorized that humans have divided labor since as far back as our time as hunters and gatherers  when tasks were divided based mainly on age and gender.  Division of labor became an important part of society after the Agricultural Revolution when humans had a food surplus for the first time. When humans werent spending all of their time acquiring food they were allowed to specialize and perform other tasks. During the Industrial Revolution, labor that was once specialized was broken down for the assembly line. However, the assembly line itself can also be seen as a division of labor.   Theories About Division of Labor   Adam Smith, a Scottish social philosopher and economist, theorized that humans practicing division of labor allows humans to be more productive and excel faster. Emile Durkheim, a French scholar in the 1700s, theorized  that specialization was a way for people to compete in larger societies. Criticisms of Gendered Divisions of Labor Historically, labor, whether inside the home or outside of it, was highly gendered. It was thought that tasks were meant for either men or women, and that doing the work of the opposite gender went against nature. Women were thought to be more nurturing and therefore jobs which required  caring for others, like nursing or teaching, were held by women. Men were seen as stronger and given more physically  demanding jobs. This kind of labor divide was oppressive to both men and women in different ways. Men were assumed incapable of tasks like raising children and women had little economic freedom. While lower class women generally always had to have jobs the same as their husbands in order to survive, middle-class and upper-class women were not allowed to work outside the home. It wasnt until WWII that American women were encouraged to work outside the home. When the war ended, women didnt want to leave the workforce. Women liked being independent,  many of them also enjoyed their jobs far more than household chores. Unfortunately for those women who liked working more than chores, even now that its normal for men and women in relationships to both work outside the home, the lion share of household  chores are still performed by women. Men are still viewed by many to be the less capable parent. Men who are interested in jobs like preschool teacher are often viewed with suspicion because of how American society still genders labor. Whether its women being expected to hold down a job and clean the house or men being seen as the less important parent, each is an example of how sexism in the  division of labor hurts everyone.

Critical Analysis of the Play essays

Critical Analysis of the Play essays Our Town is a play we watched in drama class. It's a pretty boring account of the lives of some people in the early 1900's. Their does not seem to be any plot to it, and all i know is that some teenage neighbors get married and then the wife dies. They use pantomime for everything in this play, and it was rather annoying. It made it seem like I was wathcing some low-budget b-film. I've seen better things come from high school acting groups. They used minimal scenery, and there were not many props used either. There are only two reasons that I can think of about why the writer would not use props in this show. The first is that they were tight on cash. While this seems like a good choice, I think the real reason is that this Wilder guy was trying to be artistic. It didn't work. Like I said before, I've seen better shows put on by kids. The use of pantomime didn't do anything for me except distract my attention away from the action. I think this is mostly because I had to keep trying to figure out what the heck the actors were doing. If they would have just used props, this play might have been mopre enjoyable. Also, getting some better actors, who talked slow enough to comprehend what they were saying, and who actually ACTED, would have helped immensly. The play Our Town is a poorly thrown together attempt at acting. I hope you enjoyed making fun of it as much as I did. I'd rather watch paint dry all day than watch this boring thing again. That's my opinion...don't dis' it! ...

GPA, SAT, and ACT Admissions Data for the Ivy League

GPA, SAT, and ACT Admissions Data for the Ivy League The eight Ivy League schools are among the most selective colleges in the country. This doesnt mean that you need a 4.0 GPA and 1600 on the SAT to get in (although it doesnt hurt). All the Ivy League schools have holistic admissions, so they are looking for students who will contribute more than good grades and test scores to the campus community. A winning Ivy League application needs to present a strong academic record, meaningful extracurricular activities, glowing letters of recommendation, and a compelling application essay. Your college interview and demonstrated interest may also help, and legacy status can give you an advantage. When it comes to the empirical part of your application, you will need good grades and standardized test scores to get accepted to an Ivy League school. All of the Ivies accept both the ACT and SAT, so choose the exam that works best for you. But how high do your grades and test scores need to be? Follow the links below to learn more about each Ivy League school, and to see admissions data for accepted, rejected, and waitlisted applicants: Brown University Located in Providence, Rhode Island, Brown is the second smallest of the Ivies, and the school has more of an undergraduate focus than universities such as Harvard and Yale. Their acceptance rate is only 9 percent. The great majority of students who get into Brown University have a nearly perfect 4.0 GPA, an ACT composite score above 25, and a combined SAT score (RWM) of above 1200. Columbia University Located in Upper Manhattan, Columbia University can be an excellent choice for students looking for an urban college experience. Columbia is also one of the largest of the Ivies, and it has a close relationship with neighboring Barnard College. It has a very low acceptance rate of around 7 percent. Students accepted at Columbia have GPAs in the A range, SAT scores (RWM) above 1200, and ACT composite scores above 25. Cornell University Cornells hillside location in Ithaca, New York, gives it stunning views of Cayuga Lake. The university has one of the top engineering and top hotel management programs in the country. It also has the largest undergraduate populations of all the Ivy League schools. It has an acceptance rate of about 15 percent. Most students accepted at Cornell have a GPA in the A range,  Ã‚  SAT scores (RWM) above 1200 and ACT composite scores above 25. Dartmouth College If you want a quintessential college town with its central green, nice restaurants, cafà ©s, and bookstores, Dartmouths home of Hanover, New Hampshire, should be appealing. Dartmouth is the smallest of the Ivies, but dont be fooled by its name: it is a comprehensive university, not a college. Dartmouth has a low acceptance rate of 11 percent. To be accepted, students tend to have A averages, an ACT composite score above 25, and a combined SAT score (RWM) of above 1250.   Harvard University Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with dozens of other colleges and universities nearby, Harvard University is the most selective of the Ivy League Schools as well as the most selective university in the country. Its acceptance rate is just 5 percent. For the best chance of acceptance, you should have an A average, SAT scores (RWM) over 1300, and ACT composite scores above 28. Princeton University Princetons campus in New Jersey makes both New York City and Philadelphia an easy day trip. Like Dartmouth, Princeton is on the smaller side and has more of an undergraduate focus than many of the Ivies. Princeton accepts only 7 percent of applicants. To be accepted, you should have a GPA of 4.0, SAT scores (RWM) above 1250, and ACT composite scores above 25. University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania is one of the larger Ivy League schools, and it has a roughly equal population of undergraduate and graduate students. Its campus in West Philadelphia is just a short walk to Center City. Penns Wharton School is one of the top business schools in the country. They accept about 10 percent of applicants. To be accepted, you should have a GPA of 3.7 or higher,  a combined SAT score (RWM) of over 1200, and an ACT composite of 24 or higher. Yale University Yale is close to Harvard and Stanford with its painfully low acceptance rate. Located in New Haven, Connecticut, Yale also has an even larger endowment than Harvard when measured in relation to enrollment numbers. Yales acceptance rate is just 7 percent. For the best chance of acceptance, you need a 4.0 GPA, SAT score (RWM) above 1250, and an ACT composite score above 25. A Final Word All of the Ivies are highly selective, and you should always consider them to be reach schools as you come up with your short list of schools to which you will apply. Thousands of extremely well-qualified applicants are rejected by the Ivies every year.

India country report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

India country report - Essay Example The historical development of India, as related to the country’s foreign relations is examined in this paper. The study of the literature published in this field has revealed that the role of India in the development of social and economic life in Asia has been critical. However, its political and social systems have suffered from severe conflicts, probably due to the inability of governors to respond to the daily needs of population. On the other hand, it has been made clear that the prospects of the country for the future are significant. Moreover, in terms of foreign relations, the country has become a key player in the development of important economic and political decisions globally. The history of India is based on a series of elements, such as the size of the country, the local caste system, the use of local religious beliefs for political reasons and the Indian identity, as it has been alternated today (Walsh 13). India is the largest country, in terms of its size, of Southeast Asia (Walsh 2006). In terms of geography, the country occupies a critical region, being a crossroad between the East Asia and the West. The strategic position of the country, as of its geographical characteristics, has been traditionally used for the development of important political decisions. ... Being surrounded by regions with different cultural and religious characteristics, India had to face severe social and political turbulences, leading even to the limitation of its territory, referring especially to the establishment of the state of modern Pakistan. At the same time, India is ‘the second most populous country, after China’ (Walsh 13). The development of the country’s urban life has been gradual; the development of a variety of communities across the country, as explained below, led to the appearance of many different dialects, about 16 (Walsh 13). As in all countries worldwide, the integrity of the country, as a member of the international community, has been secured through ‘a set of cultural and ethical assumptions common to people across the country’ (Walsh 2006). The caste system has been a significant part of India’s history. The system is based on categorization of people in accordance with their profession and their socia l class (Walsh 2006). The development of ‘unchanged villages of rural India’ (Walsh 15) has been the result of the expansion of caste system within the Indian social life. As for the country’s religious framework, this incorporates a series of different religions, such as Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christianity (Walsh 16). The differentiations in regard to the country’s religious system, have led to severe social conflicts; the above phenomenon has been also be used by politicians for the promotion of particular ideas. In other words, in India, oppositions in regard to religion have supported political interests (Walsh 2006). When referring to the history of India, particular reference should be made to the history of community, which can be

Environmental Health Assessment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Health Assessment - Case Study Example In Kenya for example, we have the National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA). The authority is charged with many tasks of managing the environment from destruction, key among them harmonizing a range of environmental management activities that is conducted by other lead agencies. Among other functions, it is also charged with promoting the incorporation of ecological deliberations into development strategies, projects, and programmes, with an oversight of ensuring rational utilization and proper management of environmental wealth on a sustainable yield basis (NEMA, 2008). To start up a project in Kenya, managers must apply to NEMA so that an environmental risk and health assessment can be undertaken. These procedures are usually done to identify an alternative project that harms the environment and health of citizens less. The assessments are also carried out in order to come up with mitigation procedures that can be used to reimburse for possible health and environmental impacts (Turnbull, 1991). In Kenya, NEMA reserves the final say of allowing industries to use the Kenyan environment to conduct their business. It licenses them after the assessment is done and the industries or projects are given a clean bill of health in environmental preservation. When projects flout the rules and start degrading the environment, NEMA can automatically revoke the license and the firm will cease to operate (NEMA, 2008). Kenya Utility Poles Ltd Due to high demand of electricity poles from Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC), the main power distributor in Kenya, a consortium of investors from the United States has come up with a plan to build a multi-billion industry that will ease the demand for electricity poles. KPLC has been sourcing majority of its utility poles from neighboring Tanzania, thus using up a huge chunk of its revenue on utility poles. To KPLC, the investors' idea of starting up an industry that will mass produce utility poles at the heart of Nairobi, the capital city, is good news. But this is not well received by NEMA, the authority charged with managing the environment. After the investors presented their proposals to NEMA for consideration, it was realized that the company was intending to use Pentachlorophenol (PCP) chemical for poles preservation. Pentachlorophenol, hereafter known as PCP is mainly used as a restricted pesticide in farming activities. But it is also an effective wood preservative used mainly in wharf pilings, railroad tiers, and utility poles. When individuals are exposed to the chemical at high levels, various counterproductive health as well as ecological issues arises (What is pentachlorophenol, 2008). This is what is making NEMA to sound the alarm bell. The chemicals contained in PCP causes many health complications. They are known to damage the liver as well as weaken the immune system of victims. This will have direct health ramifications for workers of the proposed industry as well as those living in the vicinity. The chemicals are also known to raise the body temperatures and cause developmental defects to those who are exposed. Ecologically, PCP was found to be highly toxic to warm and cold fishes and all the other

Formal Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Formal Education - Essay Example Studies have found that de-regulation and flexible labour markets lead to the strongest results as well as create social balance within the economic classes buoying commercial and national economics as well as stability. As societies move away from focusing on manufactured products the government seeks to encourage â€Å"knowledge workers† in order to increase competitiveness. Knowledge is not seen as an individual effort, but a collective one based on social interaction that forms an ever growing web linking families, organizations, businesses, and ultimately local, national, and international economies. In order for businesses to insure their workers have access to information-based learning, they have altered the learning delivery systems. No longer confined to expensive schooling at stagnant locations which do not respond to customer needs, education now means various sites and access points for open and distance learning based on information and communication technology. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) represents one of the strongest, centralized training organizations in the field of lifelong learning. The 2006 Leitch Review reveals this system operates by â€Å"top-down, command and control targets set by the centres with minimal consultation.† III: Government Policies and Attitudes on the Purpose of Lifelong Learning Shifting away from the previous government’s focus on what Bartlett and Burton labeled â€Å"the third way,† the New Labour Party has abolished or replaced the National Training Organisations (NTOs,) the NTOs National Council, Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs), the TEX National Council, and the Further Education Funding Council for England, the LSC and local learning and skills councils, the... This paper approves that although the current Conservative-Liberal Democratic Government is attempting to provide skills development to insure increased productivity and inter-generational social mobility that in turn reduces poverty and social inequality, 22 percent of jobs remain low paid. Programs attempt to operate inclusively to attract even reluctant and â€Å"non-traditional† learners offering them avenues to evolve their sense of self-identity and control over and responsibility for their livelihoods. However, it is important to consider how the recent economic downturn has affected the government’s and the average citizen’s ability to invest funds in these programs. At the same time, education remains one of the most vital long-term solutions to national and individual competitiveness. This essay makes a conclusion that in conclusion, David Blunkett, Secretary of State for Learning and Education, stated â€Å"Learning is the key to prosperity - for each of us as individuals, as well as for the nation as a whole. This is why the Government has put learning at the heart of its ambition.† According to Field for government, learning that is both lifelong and life-wide relates to globalisation, competitiveness and innovation and connects to issues such as â€Å"population ageing, social inclusion, public health, migrant assimilation and active citizenship.† Therefore, formal learning as related to lifelong learning functions as an essential cornerstone of effective government policy serving a fundamental purpose within England to ensure a satisfied citizenry who is able to compete within the Information Age.

Heliotrope Medical Devices (HMD) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Heliotrope Medical Devices (HMD) - Case Study Example In addition, the Mobile robot permits application of an insertion method that enables outpatient cardiac surgery. The models in these experiment used suction to sustain pretension of the heart while the locomotion was aided by a wire-driven actuation. Also a digitized fiber scope presents visual feedbacks to the general practitioner, who gearshift the heartlander through joystick interface in various samples to determine the control process. The original model exhibited progressive prehension , locomotion and turning on bare chest, thumping pig hearts having excess pericardiums .This work exhibits a control process for producing the heartlander component which requires special attention during production. Abstract Table of contents Background information †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Objective †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Literature review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Robot Assisted cardiac Surgery †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 System requirements †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Design implementation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Testing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Findings and discussion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 Conclusion and recommendation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Reference †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Appendix 1: Calculation to test one finding Appendix 2: Calculation to test two finding BACKGROUND INFORMATION Cardiac surgery is an intervention on the heart or other significant vessels carried out by cardiac surgeons, in most cases it is performed to treat issues related ischemic heart disease. In the recent past, application of minimally invasive methods has turn out to be the main objective in cardiothoracic surgery since there a need to do away with morbidity related to sternotomy. Sternotomy refers to the bisecting of the sternum in order to expose the ribcage which gives the surgeon easy access to the heart and it majorly obviated by use of endoscopic minimally invasive surgery(Tendick et al 2003). This practice employs minute cameras and tools placed at distal ends of rigid shafts placed through miniature incisions between the ribs (figure 1). By use of endoscopic tools, the surgeon is in a position to convey the equipments to the operative site instead of exposing the patient to render the operative site to the tools. These mainly reduce movement in surgical process since the major pain and disability witnessed by the patient is as result of accessibility rather than the process itself. Figure 1 Nevertheless, the initial handheld endoscopic equipments had various setbacks that limited the implementation of minimally invasive methods for most surgical procedures. These drawbacks included: decrease in dexterity,