Why can recounting past experiences be important in helping services Assignment

Why chiffonier recounting past experiences be important in helping inspection and repairs users adjudge a star of who they are Should care workers always encour geezerhood people to recall their pasts - Assignment Example23-24). Some of these service users have undergone traumatic experiences or bad experiences that are either forgotten, repressed or others that happened when the service users were alike young. The pertinent question then is, should remembrance of the past be used as an integral set out of the reconstruction of the ego identity of service users?As noted in the introduction, service users may have an abnormal or maladaptive self-identity. In the discipline of an individualist, some steps are necessary and if developmental tasks are not successfully met, an individual may present immediate problems or have problems ulterior in life (Berger, 2008, p. 34). This is supported by the psychodynamic theories of psychology i.e. Freuds psycho sexual approach and Eriks ons psychosocial approach. Freuds theory is centered on sexual maturity and only focuses on the years before sexual maturity and how not accomplishing the tasks of a certain stage might later affect the development of an individual in a detrimental way. Eriksons theory on the other hand is more lofty covering the entire lifespan of an individual and is based on achievement of certain social tasks (Frager and Fadiman, 2005, p.49).The deduction of not meeting some of the goals that one is supposed to meet in the developmental stages is dysfunction linked with problems with ones self identity. For instance, a childs separation from the primary care-givers (mother and father) at the age of 0-2years can lead to general mistrust of the world around them (Aronson, Wilson and Arket, 2007, p. 56). Teenagers who do not have the congruous support system are likely to develop an identity crisis a false sense of self or a loss of perspective as regarding their abilities and the situation tha t they are in (Santrock, 2009, p. 50). Later stages of development like young adulthood and middle adulthood also present issues that might occur in

Human Trafficking in Sudan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Human Trafficking in Sudan - Essay ExampleThe legacies of thralldom and colonialism can help to deduce the current civil war and political violence as well as merciful trafficking. However, the wildness in this paper will be on human trafficking and slavery. The foundation of slavery in Sudan has its grow in frontier war zones of eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.1One important aspect in the slavery of Sudan as well as Muslim society is that the slave will be treated as part of the family or a member of it. However, the descendents of a slave are slaves until they are freed by their master. Hence, the abolition of slavery in the West did not affect the situation in Sudan and Arab as well as African leaders of profound Sudan encouraged human trafficking on the premise of Sharia or Moslem law and encouraged the enslavement of non-Muslims. As a result non Muslims from Brazil were sent to Central Sudan that witnessed the human trafficking as the slaves from communities of Arab t raders and Islamicized local leaders were sold in Central African markets. The human trafficking developed on the name of religion as the leaders started selling the people who did not embrace Islam. As it is clearly that the rulers experience the privilege of using the religion for their materialistic needs, the ruling group has monopolized Sudans slave trade and that resulted in slaves being an important export commodity. As the slave ownership with the help of farming helped the merchant circle to be wealthy, the leading merchants established the slave establishments. The girl slaves from the slave family were constrictd to do prostitution and have sent their part of the earnings to their master. The beneficiaries of the earnings of those prostitute slaves were known for their nobility and that resulted in economic maturement of a particular class by exploiting the slave population. In addition to that, the exploitation of slaves resulted in militarization of cut into on a large scale. The mobilization accompanied the appropriation of products of slaves. However, even in the scene of mobilization, the small-scale household labor force characteristic indigenous non-Muslim societies were not eliminated. Instead to that the labor force has turned into a component of a multifaceted system of forced labor that developed the take in plantations. As mentioned earlier as the slavery is a result of war zones in the anterior centuries, the territorial conquest resulted in acquisition of slaves. As enslavement and state expansion happened simultaneously, that resulted in pagan differences between different groups and developed political variations among social groups. The establishment of Funji Kingdom resulted in Islamization of Northern and Central Sudan that resulted in enslavement of non Muslims. 2The enslavement of people enabled the people in Sudan to buy women in virtually states of Sudan and it is not impossible to buy a pretty girl or a boy as a s lave according to your desire. The slavery in Sudan changed it into a source country for men, women and children who are trafficked for the purposes of labor as well as sexual exploitation. The slavery in Sudan has helped other Arabian countries to enjoy the fruits and labors of it. As the

Marx's View of Material Abundance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marxs View of Material Abundance - Essay ExampleKarl Marx demonstrates extremely negative emplacement to the bourgeois type of society. He points out that the bourgeoisie has turned ordinary people, in particular workers in goods because they have has a market value and can be soldIn proportion as the bourgeoisie, i.e., capital, is developed, in the same proportion is the proletariat, the modern working class, developeda class of labourers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labour increases capital. These labourers, who must sell themselves piece-meal, atomic number 18 a commodity, like every other article of commerce, and are consequently exposed to all the vicissitudes of competition, to all the fluctuations of the market.The bourgeoisie can be seen as a enormous mechanism that destroys all that hinders its market trade and the accumulation of capital. In this respect, Marx drew attention to the fact that the alter of the bourgeoi sie led to the fact that society has come divided into two classes a class of the abject and a class of the rich. The rich exploit the simple workers and as a result, they increase their capital and become even richer. In turn, the workers do not have the opportunity for capital accumulation, since they give their work and in return receive lower wages. Marx criticizes the unequal distribution of wealth because he believes that the society should be fair. This evaluator requires equal opportunities for all people as well as the removal of any social conquest that is observed in bourgeois society.

Dewey believes that the only real education Essay

Dewey believes that the only real education - Essay ExampleThose so-called educators and journalistic professionals who continue to elegy the death of critical thinking among the modern y bring outh do so because they no longer understand, nor belong, to the raw age of education and information technology. Academicians and journalists tend to be resistant to changes around them and, therefore, tend to cry out that critical thinking has passed on (Males, Critics of Students Critical Thinking Aint Either). They fail to see that critical thinking has merely taken on a new shape and form. One that is consistent with the continued ontogenesis of the critical thinking and mental capacity of the future generations of learners and academicians. The critics who view critical thinking as a dead practice among the students of today base that point of view on their incomplete observation base upon the Foundation for Critical Thinkings definition of critical thinking (Males, Critics of Stude nts Critical Thinking Aint Either ) as ... the expert scrutiny of a given statements purpose, problem, or question-at- issue assumptions concepts empirical grounding reasoning leading to conclusions implications and consequences objections from utility(a) viewpoints and frame of reference. Nothing could be further from the truth. In reality, the advent of the lucre has allowed students to learn outside of the quartette corners of the classroom. No longer are the university professors or high school teachers viewed as infallible mentors in their areas of pedagogy expertise. These days, students can easily verify any given information with a few taps into a search engine. Thus, allowing them the freedom question the authority of their educators when it comes to certain information being fed to them. Students can no longer be spoon-fed these days. Instead, educators must be prepared to answer questions based upon the personal learning or research of students. The likes of Google, B ing, and Yahoo search engines suck in presented students with an opportunity to clarify certain information for themselves (Carr, Is Google Making Us Stupid? ), as class discussions have left them with more questions than answers. Then they go back to their teachers and have them to explain further. That is why the belief that the net and its search engines have made our students stupid is essentially without basis. The Internet has rather produced a new era of students who no longer take their teachers word for anything. Which is why teachers immediately need to be more up to date and even more addicted to research via Internet than their students are if they do not wish to be shown up as lacking in actual expertise on the subjects they teach. Cable television shows and channels, such as the National Geographic, Animal Planet, Discovery, and the History Channel, have also contributed greatly to the forward thinking and critical analysis skills of the students today. While ever ything taught in school tends to be one-dimensional and lecture-type, these cable channels have provided students with an almost hands on learning ability slightly these highly interesting topics that tend to become boring when taught in school. Learning is no longer contain to Board of Education approved books with boring, black and white illustrations. These days, learning is a highly interactive lick that

Critical Thinking Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical thought Assignment - Essay ExampleThe essay is quite effective as it explores two sides of the coin when advent a achievable avenue of gaiety that bottomland be chosen by an individual. By doing this, genius side is explored to show how much an avenue can take away happiness while at the similar time pointing out how much that avenue can backfire. The argument brought forward talks of the possibility that an boldness of devotion is what brings the said happiness. Just look out for the devotion that guarantees happiness and not the ones that can bring you short-lived happiness. The essay talks of possible experiments carried out to quantify the discussion carried out on matters of happiness as well as how it can be achieved and retained to take as much possible time as possible. The experiments hope to assist individuals make informed guesses on where happiness lies.This report makes a conclusion that the arguments brought forward in this essay are valid for the sake of pursuit of happiness. It tends to bring a worthy argument on what brings about happiness. The speech stherefore talks about detailed and experimented ways to promote happiness. The argument is of possible high quality since experimentation and empirical research methods were used to quantify findings and to wage hike the trust that the audience can have on the speech for its credibility. It is however worth noting that the essay just now explored fewer causes of happiness. Happiness, to different people, entails different aspects. An individual may find happiness in music and can always resort to it when feeling sad.

Gender and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender and Development - Essay Exampleever, as 60 million girls disappear individually year (many from Asian countries) as a result of sexual crimes, and one third of the population of women slightly the world experience some form of ferocity. In amplification to this 4 million women and girls are trafficked every year, while approximately one million girls enter the sex trade.Before delving further into the issue of violence against women, it is important that a firm definition of what the subject matter is be established. There is actually no universally accepted definition of violence against women. Some advocates of human rights prefer broad definitions that include mendicancy and unequal access to education and health to describe acts of violence against women. Some however prefer a to a greater extent narrow definition so that the actual descriptive power of the term is not preoccupied (Kapoor, 2000).According to Dean Kilpatrick, Director of the Medical University of Sout h Carolinas National Crime Victims Research and discussion Centre, the debate as to whether to define violence against women broadly or narrowly is old, fierce and unlikely to be resolved in the future (DeKeseredy, 2011). Likewise, debates about terminologies are also prevalent. Whatever the case maybe, the need for a concrete and specific definition is important so that research, monitoring and policy-making can become more specific as well as applicable cross-culturally (Kapoor, 2000).According to the World Health Organization (2011), the coupled Nations defines violence against women as any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.The above definition has recognized that violence against women is one of the well-nigh fundamental social mechanisms wherein women are forc ibly placed on lower positions as compared with men. In addition it has also

The Sorrow and the Pity film by Marcel Ophuls Movie Review

The aggrieve and the Pity film by wave Ophuls - Movie Review ExampleThe Sorrow and the pity documental is based on view that during the cosmea War II, France was the only state which collaborated and de Gaulles Free French in UK were in the awk contendd situation as government of France was non in a state of exile. The strongest point of the plastic film is that it shows reality and the idea was totally innovative to show the interviews of the masses who actually were present at the time of such a bedlam and destruction. The real stories are described in the film.The Sorrow and the Pity movie include the interviews of the French and German who played a major or minor part in the war. The idea behind the movie was to bring in front the truth about the collaboration of France with Nazis. The documentary, which is more than four hours long was tang in Clermont Ferrand, a town in France. Marcel Ophulus view about the movie is that those who have not undergone the pain, damage a nd grief of occupying position can never know how it feels so they have no adept to judge a nation that endured the horrors and terror of the war. The fundamental point of the movie is the forbearance and complacent of the people under the control of another power in their state. The Sorrow and the Pity is one of the greatest documentary ever made.The film is based on the World War II, the destructions caused by the war and the people affected by the war. The movie was about the physical and social division of France. The Germans with their war weapons and machined easily conquered the France and it was not shown that its each of a big deal for the Nazi Germans to have a control over France. As shown in the movie the basic concern of the people under the war was to have food for them to eat. The movie has devil parts. First part is about the conquest and collaboration of France and is called The Collapse. This part consists of the attack of Nazi Germans and the vigorous surren der of the French, whereas the second part is known as The Choice which inquires about the practical dilemma of power of resisting. This part was actually to reveal the truth about the resistance or cooperation of French with Nazi Germans. It also reveals the consequences of the Collaboration. The movie first stirred great controversy when it was released. The people of France were reluctant to admit that France was one of the numerous states who could actually collaborate with the victorious country, Germany. The French television was not willing to broadcast it and it stirred a huge controversy. So the movie was shown at the cinema where it emerged as a great success, (Holm, D. K 2005).The Sorrow and the pity movie is all about the life in France during the period of the World War II and the Nazi Occupation. It includes the interviews of the people who were involved directly or indirectly in this play. It is a daring shade taken by the director to make an objective evaluation o f the perplexing situation in the business relationship of France. The documentary is close to reality which reflects the real life situation about what actually happened to the people who lived during the war and what difficulties they faced. The interviews were conducted from the Government officials, politicians, artists, farmers, veterans, forces and common people who could speak about the war

Testing individuals for potential health problems Essay

Testing individuals for capableness wellness problems - Essay ExampleA lot of debate today goes on about testing individuals for potential health problems even if there are still no symptoms existing. The debate goes a step yet by considering arguments that question whether tests should be done even when there is no cure available for the disease. at that place are several pros and cons on the issue. wizard side claims that for those with symptoms, it is beneficial to have primaeval tests made because the patient role can have access to drugs that can cure the symptoms (Marchione, 2011). In patients with possible Alzheimers, other benefits given to early testing include treatment of reversible causes of impairment inclusion in clinical trials that give practised care avoiding drugs that worsen the cognition letting others know of a need for help managing medicines and daily sustenance easing anxiety about the causes of the symptoms access to education training and support serv ices and the ability to excogitate for the future (Marchione, 2011). Others take the view that componenttic tests should not be undertaken because in some cases, the presence of gene mutations does not guarantee that one will acquire the disease (Ridley, 1999). Ridley summarizes her arguments by saying that the insufficiency of certainty, lack of medical options and problems with confidentiality and discrimination are reasons why genetic testing should not be done (1999).One is of the opinion that all things considered, it is still best that testing must done. As the old clich goes, is worth a pound of cure. Although there is no certainty.

MICS - option 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MICS - option 1 - Assignment ExampleEarlier on, firms used to out reservoir IT functions on a limited basis. Currently, most companies outsource their IT functions for the entire department. This has been used in delivering the IT functionality. Whilst there exist a considerable body of knowledge regarding IT outsourcing, the research on reasons why aires outsource their IT functions is still limited. Therefore, this paper source to determine the reasons why organizations outsource the IT functions (Peslak 2012, p. 14).The process of outsourcing is underpinned by basic premise of whether an organization must settle or make the service. The decision to purchase a service enlists two fundamental objectives of outsourcing. These include, first, transfer of self-possession of a business process to a third party, and second, to enable concentration of major competences by vendee. found on the transfer of ownership, outsourcing signifi nominatetly affects organizations productivity, ca sh flow, profitability, transaction costs and growth. There has been a rising outsourcing incidences world(a) to improve the strategy of the organization in lightening the workloads, saving time and trimming the costs. Studies indicate that outsourcing can turn a business with high fixed cost to one with only variable costs. This is full of life for businesses with activities involving extensive variance throughout the year or the one experiencing pressures to reduce the overhead costs. The core business competencies help in maintaining a competitive edge as well as increasing guest benefits and growth of business. The major functions of a business evolve through information sharing and collective learning. such(prenominal) competences may not be enhanced by using huge investments rather, they must focus on strategies and resources targeting the dominating corporate decisions (Peslak 2012, p. 15).The exact determination of core competencies contests the

World Civilizations To 1500 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World Civilizations To 1500 - set about Example2. Geographical location of old-fashioned Mesopotamia determined early populating of these fertile territories. Mesopotamia is translated as The land amid rivers it was situated between the Tigris and the Euphrates. The rivers and the climate of Mesopotamia attracted people geographical location allowed them to rick different crops and contributed much to the give tongue to origin. But the geographical and environmental factor is not the only one which influenced the evolution of Mesopotamia. Political division of Mesopotamia as a combination of city-states - Uruk, Ur, Eridu and some others - determined its development as a constant trial between them for political domination in the region. Economics was linked with geographical factor irrigation allowed people to grow more food, and they were able to trade services and goods. The rivers also were good transport routes. Geographical factor partially influenced the social structur e of Mesopotamia - great amount of slaves and peasants could irrigate the territory and provide its fertility. Social structure provided economic development of Mesopotamia class structure became a fundament of further development of city-states. Women position was not the akin as mens, but there were many women deitys in city-states pantheons. Religion and intellectual achievements also influenced the development of Mesopotamia. cuneal writing system, science and apparitional structure provided high development of Mesopotamian civilization.3. Geographical position of quaint Egypt had a similar feature with that of Mesopotamia the Egyptian civilization was originated in the valley of the Nile which provided the population with fertile soil which was the descent of the economic growth of Ancient Egypt. The Nile was also a principal way of travel and trade. Agricultural development resulted in economical and social structure changes plentiful harvest gave much food which could b e change for other goods. Economics of Egypt was in truth important factor of its development, and it influenced social structure of the population food and riches abundance led to class structure origination, and Ancient Egyptian society became highly developed. The main classes of Ancient Egypt were slaves, warriors, peasants, craftsmen and priests. Such strict class structure provided possibility of cultural development. There were priests who developed science and religious knowledge in Egypt. The life of ancient Egyptians was very tightly connected with their religious views. The religion of Ancient Egypt was rather rich the pantheon of gods was presented very widely and their images were so different, but there were some main gods which symbolized the elementary mythological, religious and political views of ancient Egyptians. Ra (Sun god and the symbol of pharaohs power) and Osiris (symbolized nature resurrection connected with the Nile flood, later the god of the underwor ld) were the main gods in Egypt. So, such factor as geography is one of the main factors of Ancient Egyptian civilization, but economic and social structure, as well as cultural achievements (including hieroglyphic writing system) contributed very much in general development of Ancient Egypt. 4. Ancient India civilization development also was influenced by the

Invasive Species Position Paper Grading Rubric Essay

Invasive Species Position Paper Grading Rubric - Essay Example subsequently these AHBs were found in Arizona, California and Southern parts of United States.AHBs argon more adaptable to equatorial regions where the abundance of flora is dependent on unpredictable rainfall. As an adaptability to this factor AHBs they frequently swarm to new-fangled habitats, reproduce rapidly with shorter developmental life cycles and survive even on sparse supplies of pollen and nectar.Economic brat Essential need for honey bees to pollinate crops as well as honey production is the government issue of great economic concern. Americans are retiren to consume about 275 million pounds of honey every year. In this context AHBs produce little honey and wax when compared to EHBs. They also produce less wax affecting the manufacture of candles, polish and floor wax. Due to frequent swarming and extensive hive abandoning nature they are less preferred in managed beekeeping industry.Ecological threat i) They compete and displace local EHBs and other pollinators for nectar and pollen. ii) AHBs invade EHB hive and are capable of upsurging the hive and replacing the EHB milksop. In a single coevals the EHB matriline is eliminated and the entire EHB hive being Africanized (DeGrandi-Hoffman 2006). iii) Studies of DeGrandi-Hoffman (USDA 2004) hold in shown that when EHB queens were inseminated with equal proportions of African and European drone sperms, the EHB queen preferred African sperms, producing on an average of about 70% AHB offspring. These factors may eventually decrease the abundance of other bee species which affects pollen harvest and reduce EHB progeny.Social threat AHBs are more aggressive and sting in greater number on less provocation and respond to any disturbances such as ratty noises, strong odors around the hive. They are able to sense threat within 100ft and track upto 1/ fourth a mile. A sting of a single bee releases a pheromone which stimulates other bees to agitate and attack. The sting of AHBs is know to cause anaphylactic shock. The venom of the bee triggers the release of histamine which can lead to vasodilation and loss of blood pressure. If the condition is not reversed within short time it may lead to death of the person due to shock. Methods of containAHBs are better pollinators when compared to EHBs as they emphasize on brood rearing and growth of the colony preferably than honey production. Hence their complete elimination is not a wise option. Agricultural Research serve scientists along with groups like the American Beekeeping Federation, the American Honey Producers Association and the Apiary Inspectors of America have been entrusted with the job of finding the solution to the problem of AHBs in US. Two popular basic methods of control arei) Drone flooding By limiting the possibility of Africanized drones mating with Europeans queens where commercial reared queen bee has a chance to mate with common honey bees.ii) Re queening replacing queen of

How Could E-learning Help People to Understand More About Malaria Essay

How Could E-learning jock People to Understand More About Malaria - Essay ExampleThis essay stresses that e-learning also gives the instructor a lot of options in the way through which information is compiled and presented. This eitherows the entity providing the service to reach out to a much diverse customer base. This could also include various local processes and participants who might benefit from enhanced options and processes of modify their knowledge about a given phenomenon. Malaria has three main pointers of spread and this includes breeding, contact and injection by the primary vector, mosquitoes. The main difficulty in malaria control lies in the fact that the mosquitoes and parasites ability to evolve and put over tools and systems used to control them. The main intervention systems include the control of breeding by maintaining more salutary environments and proper systems and processes of preventing malaria bearing mosquitoes from breeding their young.This paper makes a conclusion that the website has to be functional and it has to meet the ask of all stakeholders, including the users and other third party stakeholders. It will also need to meet all the desires of donors and pass water their submissions brought into the fore. Therefore, there is the need for all primary stakeholders to be involved. This means that a detailed interview with all stakeholders including the government authorities, NGOs, volunteering organisations, community members and community leaders are also important. E-Commerce will be a of import aspect and process.

See order instructions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

See order operating instructions - Case Study ExampleWhichever way the debate goes, the obvious fact is that in manning the college sports, the NCAA earns a roundabout of revenue and as such, a little token of appreciation would be necessary to the contributing athletes. This base will argue that the NCAA has been unfair to college athletes, and since it benefits in many ways from college games, college athletes should receive part of the income just akin employee athletes of the body do.The tussle between the NCAA and the college athletes hand headlines in April when the Northwestern University Basketball players presented the National Labor relations Board with a proposal to form a union. The idea of the union is to protest against the NCAA which does not fineness them like employee athletes. The debate was further ignited by government officials stating that the NCAA was in no way conceivable to the students since they were not recognized as employees of the body. The reiter ations further claimed that the students should be awarded by their colleges since it is they who benefit most from participating in the games. Normally, the only rewards offered to successful college athletes ar scholarships, medical covers, and expert coaching. According to Bowen (n.p.), the students demands are deep-rooted, largely being influenced by the fact that schools themselves have to struggle much to make more money out of sports. Again, it seems like coaches of college teams are the biggest beneficiaries, reaping from the students games more than they do. For instance, the coach of the University of Kentucky basketball team makes approximately $5.5 million both season. Broadcasters on their part make an approximate $1 billion off the games. This happens even as schools try to accommodate more tournaments and games every season just so their athletes can be better exposure and earn some rewards from their skills. wizard

PIPE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

PIPE - Essay ExampleYes, I do. Yes, they are incubus both(prenominal) to me and/ or my family. This is because I accommodate not paid for them and they are accumulating. The debt is enormous because I see them as a burden to me and/or my family. I may not have enough money to pay and thus result have to turn to my family for assistance. This is straining them financially.They include, renting an apartment, my car is paid off, my insurance is high, and my family has house loan summing up three cars. Since my cards are not paid I have to deal with debt collectors sometimes. These financial relationships remember my life.My financial life revolves around several factors. The factors are coping with credit cards, paying rent for my apartment, expend and others. I have to strive in order to meet these. Additionally, my family does have debts they are paying for hence hard for them to lend any kind of support towards me.Also, I am planning on how I will make my investments. I was th inking of approaching one of my bankers to make arrangements with them on this. Due to some risks that may occur, I have made arrangements with my insurance company on some of my

The Impact Of Social Networking On Business Research Paper

The Impact Of Social Networking On Business - Research cover ExampleOn the other hand, the ever changing fashion trend influences the population around the earth the way they dress and how producers design apparels suited to the prevailing market compulsion. Business therefore is simply a matter of creating trends, understanding consumers and their needs and building long-term relationship for profit-generating activity. These are some of the essential elements that need to be mastered in line of business, but one of the most consequential factors that need to be considered in great detail is consumer behavior as it has important business implications (Deutsch, 2010). This reason that for many years, business importantly improved the way it is conducted and it continuously seeks to understand consumer behavior. Today, business is an integral part of the kindly changes as social networking is developed over time and as found to be of great advantage on business activity. Consum er behavior in particular is integrated in the modern social change. For instance, Facebook as a noteworthy social networking site is not only a venue for friendship-related activities, but in creating business in particular as it is currently patterned in the principle of how social behavior functions. This is evident in its website where it is clear how each individual interacts with each other with particular messages. Social networking site dates back to its dishonor beginning in 1971 when the first email was sent, and it remarkably improved until 1995 where online contents can be create with freedom, which brought forward the inception of Friendster in 2002, Myspace in 2003, Facebook in 2004, Twitter in 2006 and in 2008 Facebook bested them all establish on the number of users and online visits per day (Onlineschools.org., 2011). This remarkable innovation and evolution in social networking have important business implications and this is the point the proponent discusses in this paper. Social networking Social networking is an innovation in business for the hobby reasons. The first point is its ability to disclose significant information that would be important to some people around the globe. As a result, it has the capacity to augment an individuals network of contacts (Wilson, 2009). For instance, a person who looks for someone interested in conducting business may be able to

Enterprise infrastructure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enterprise infrastructure - Essay precedentIn the service model, TRU should choose IaaS because its underlying infrastructure is well defined. In economic con lieurations, TRU should hire a popular platform because the company will not incur up-front costs of constructing a private infrastructure.I am, therefore, recommending three things for TRU. First, TRU should use hybrid cloud for data portability. Second, TRU should use IaaS because of well-defined infrastructure. Lastly, TRU should hire a public platform because it is cheap.IT governance is the way in which an brass instrument aligns its Information Technology strategies with clientele strategies to ensure the organization stays on track with its origin goals. IT governance puts into consideration the interests of all stakeholders and also provides measurable business results. An IT governance structure in any business addresses turn offs such as the functioning of IT framework and its boilers suit returns to the busine ss. Every organization requires ways of ensuring that IT frameworks sustain the business strategies and objectives. The size of the organization determines the suitable level of IT worldliness governance that the business can apply. Very large and highly regulated organizations will require circumstantial IT governance structures and vice versa (Standards.org, 2)Strategic alignment involves linking IT and business so that they work together efficiently. The major issue in linking the two issues is the planning process. An efficient strategic alignment occurs when the IT team communicates effectively with the corporate side of the business about costs, progress and impacts (Standards.org, 4).Value delivery is ensuring that IT framework delivers the predetermined benefits to the business. The predetermined benefits are the ones the business intended to achieve by investing on IT infrastructure. Any business can ensure value delivery by efficiently managing its IT department. An effi cient management of

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example for Free

Annotated Bibliography EssayIn this case, Yun, Cox Sims carried come on a study the main purpose being to investigate how to develop a (TOCB) Team organisational Citizenship Behavior. They examine whether there is a unique relationship between leadership and TOCB. They first offer a theoretical study presenting a literature review on citizenship and leadership behavior. They take citizenship as a result of leadership and probably mediated through job satisfaction. They went further to explain research system present results and finally move on to the discussion and implication part. According to primarily research carried let on in this field, it revealed that leader characteristics such as consideration, participation and fairness are linked as evoking (OCB) organisational Citizenship Behavior at personal level. In this research, they tested whether TOCB relates to another(prenominal) forms of a leadership typology. They also investigated the mediating function of job co ntentment. Yun, Cox Sims concluded that leader characters influence TOCB both indirectly and directly via job satisfaction, and different kinds of leaders traits were developed to manipulate both TACB and TOCB. Whilst empowering and transformational leadership revealed that, TACB and TOCB have indirect impacts to job satisfaction. They also indicated that if employees are forced to do what they do not want they will feel less contented than other people will. The aversive managers will not contribute to unhappy employees. The study also indicates that transactional leadership has no impacts on job satisfaction, while transformational leadership has a positive result which is in line with earlier researches that showed that an augmenting competence of transformation leadership.This research is extremely helpful to the ecesis on how to create team organization behavior. The research, however, did not cover group level of analysis. This is a gap identified in this reserach or key f or a further research.In this article, Wray-Lake Syvertsen look at how adolescents and children stomach make a positive stimulant drug to community, and victimisation knowledge during this period also create the arena for citizenship thought the life span. They start by defining accessible responsibility and explaining how it develops. They aim at understanding environmental and personal traits in adolescence and childhood that undergird the enhancement of amicable responsibility. They define social responsibility in relation to the development at the same time stressing on focal aspects that are communal along theoretical traditions. In development viewpoint, they aim at identifying elements of adolescence and childhood that stand for opportunities for development in social responsibility. They then move on to context, discussing the proximal scenery of young people everyday lives that motivate social responsibility. Lastly, they move on to setbeds of social responsibility that comprise of communities, peers families and schools. Still in this last context, they discuss techniques of developing social responsibility.Wray-Lake Syvertsen review regarding function through which social responsibility is earned in adolescence and childhood throughout the context propose sort of promising avenues for changing development route of social responsibility. They argue that a single aspect is not significant instead, a number of setting such community, family, school, peer environment can lead to seed of social responsibility via both indirectly through cultivating socio-emotional and cognitive competence and openly socialize social responsibility. They also conclude that adult who works together with youth can explicitly integrate a social accountability lens into relations. Assisting young individuals develop bridging community capital via forming connections with various others, for instance, is every potential drop way for promoting social responsibility. In addition, Wray-Lake Syvertsen think that a social responsibility is mainly controlled by some(prenominal) steady forces and yet has an element that is open to review across the lifetime.Wray-Lake Syvertsen consideration of social responsibility in adolescence and childhood is the substantial aspect for citizenship across lifetime. If all these aspects discussed in this article are put into consideration, then, we can develop adults who are socially responsible. This can further contribute to a community rooted with clean responsibilities. Wray-Lake Syvertsen article assist in identifying factors to consider and breach the gap that they have not considered in poring over social responsibility in youth and childhood in drafting the final essay.ReferencesYun, S., Cox, J., Sims, Jr, H. P. (2007). Leadership and Teamwork The effect of Leadership and Job Satisfaction on Team Citizenship. International Journal of Leadership Studies (pp. 171 193). Virginia School of spherical Leadership Entrepreneurship, Regent University.Wray-Lake, L., Syvertsen, A.K (2011). The development roots of social responsibility in childhood and adolescence. In C.A Flanagan B.D Christens (Eds) young civic development Work at cutting edge, New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 134, 11-25Source account

Failed Intelligence Adaptation Essay Example for Free

Failed intuition Adaptation Essay perception analysts must seek to understand the adversarys thought process, and should fall apart and continuously refine their ability to think like the adversary.Recent history like that what happened in the 9/11 attack in the United States soil proved that the analysts tasked to undertake the information analysis on Al-Qaeda had been surprised and committed news program failure. Comparisons of the attack on the trade towers with the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor have often suggested that the adversaries on these occasions might have been pushed to make grand moves. But the signs leading up to 9/11 were ignored for at least three of the similar reasons that the Japanese were able to catch the U.S. Pacific fleet at anchor on the morning of 7 December, 1941good intelligence indicators lost in the noise of disinformation a belief that the enemy lacked the technical power to undertake the action finally, mirror imaging, the assumption on th e part of the intelligence consumer that the action undertaken was unlikely because it was illogical. (Porch D. and Wirtz, J.J.) folie becomes a problem e additionally when intelligence services have overlapping mandates, are competitive and because fail to cooperate to share and analyze information, or believe that the other service has a special responsibility for the collection of a particular type of intelligence. A second factor in intelligence surprise occurs when the technological capabilities of the enemy are underestimated. The final cause of intelligence surprise is mirror-imagingthe belief that the perpetrators pull up stakes non carry out a particular act because the defender, in their place, would not do it. (Porch D. and Wirtz, J.J.)The above factors reflect that the Principle of Joint Intelligence stating that Unity of intelligence effort must be realised, was not fully realized. For a particular area of interest, there should be unity of intelligence effort to e nsure complete, accurate, and current intelligence to develop the best possible understanding of the adversary and the situation, and to reduce unnecessary verbiage and duplication (fas.org).ReferencePorch, D. and Wirtz J.J. Strategic Insight Surprise and Intelligence Failure. Sept. 6, 2002. Retrieved June 30, 2009.http//www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/rsepResources/si/sept02/homeland.aspJoint Intelligence Principles. Retrieved June 30, 2009. http//www.fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp2-0/j2-0ch4.htm

The Three major Categories of Motives Essay Example for Free

The Three major Categories of Motives EssayMOTIVESMotives can be define as a distressful feeling experienced by a someone or animal that is end by performing a behaviour that the organism believes will or might end the feeling. harmonise to encyclopaedia britannica it is defined as those forces acting either on or within a person to initiate behaviour. (Encyclopaedia Britannica)Motives are often categorize into Primary (basic), Secondary (learned) and StimulusPrimary Motives include hunger, thirst, sex, escape of pain. Its unlearned motives and common to both animals and human. It is related to homeostasis which is basically entails maintenance of normal (steady) physiologic be state. Primary motive acts to maintain homeostasis. Example of primary motives is the feeling of hunger which is also known as need for food.Secondary motive are learned motives. They varied from one animal to the other and person to person. Example of secondary motives includes curiosity, ambition, competition, aggression, interest, Attitudes, Achievement and Power motivation. Its usually acquired as part of socialization process. ruminate also indicates that individuals have the ability to learn new motives. The motives can be acquired by the following technique classical, instrumental, and observational learning.Stimulus motives are innate but they involve motives to increase rather than decrease stimulation. passel and lower animals need stimulation and activity. They also require exploration and manipulation. Example of stimulus motives can guide when someone is walking under a mango tree and a ripe mango drop on his signal. The distressful feeling he might experience would be pain on the head as a result of the impact from the mango. This can subsequently motivate him to take analgesic when he gets home. ReferenceJohn, Philip, Smith. (2006). Motives. Immediate cause of Behavior.Alternative Psycological Textbook. Retrieved July 12, 2008. From http//members.aol.com/ps ychquery.

Hr Policies in Automobile Sector Essay Example for Free

Hr Policies in cable car Sector Essay20 Tips To Help Prevent Medical Errors One in seven Medicare patients in hospitals experience a medical error. But medical errors grass travel by allwhere in the wellness care system In hospitals, clinics, surgery centers, doctors impinge onices, nursing homes, pharmacies, and patients homes. Errors shadow involve medicines, surgery, diagnosis, equipment, or lab reports. They can happen during even the most routine t leases, such as when a hospital patient on a salt-free diet is given a high-salt meal. Most errors result from problems created by todays multiform wellness care system. But errors also happen when doctors* and patients have problems communicating. These tips tell what you can do to construct safer care. What You Can Do to Stay Safe The best way you can help to anticipate errors is to be an active member of your wellness care team. That means taking part in every decision about your health care. Research shows that pati ents who are more involved with their care tend to get improve results. practice of medicines 1 receive sure that all of your doctors know about every medicine you are taking. This includes prescription(prenominal) drug and over-the-counter medicines and dietary supplements, such as vitamins and herbs.2 Bring all of your medicines and supplements to your doctor visits. Brown capture your medicines can help you and your doctor talk about them and find out if there are any problems. It can also help your doctor abide by your records up to date and help you get ameliorate quality care. 3 Make sure your doctor knows about any allergies and adverse reactions you have had to medicines. This can help you to avoid getting a medicine that could harm you. 4 When your doctor writes a prescription for you, make sure you can read it. If you can non read your doctors handwriting, your pharmacist might not be able to either.PATIENT SAFETY *The term doctor is used in this flier to confabula te to the person who helps you manage your health care. 2 5 invite for information about your medicines in hurt you can understandboth when your medicines are prescribed and when you get them What is the medicine for? How am I supposed(p) to take it and for how long? What attitude effects are likely? What do I do if they occur? Is this medicine safe to take with other medicines or dietary supplements I am taking? What food, drink, or activities should I avoid while taking this medicine?6 When you pick up your medicine from the pharmacy, ask Is this the medicine that my doctor prescribed? 7 If you have any questions about the directions on your medicine labels, ask. Medicine labels can be hard to understand. For example, ask if four times daily means taking a dose every 6 hours around the clock or just during regular waking hours. 8 Ask your pharmacist for the best device to measure your liquid medicine. For example, many people use dwelling teaspoons, which often do not hold a true teaspoon of liquid. Special devices, like attach syringes, help people measure the right dose. 9 Ask for written information about the side effects your medicine could cause.If you know what might happen, you will be better prepared if it does or if something unprovided for(predicate) happens. Hospital Stays 10 If you are in a hospital, consider asking all health care workers who will touch you whether they have washed their hands. Handwashing can prevent the spread of infections in hospitals. 11 When you are being discharged from the hospital, ask your doctor to explain the give-and-take plan you will marry at home.This includes learning about your new medicines, making sure you know when to schedule follow-up appointments, and decision out when you can get back to your regular activities. It is important to know whether or not you should keep taking the medicines you were taking before your hospital stay. Getting clear instructions may help prevent an unexpected return tr ip to the hospital. 3 Surgery 12 If you are having surgery, make sure that you, your doctor, and your operating surgeon all agree on exactly what will be done. Having surgery at the wrong set (for example, operating on the left knee instead of the right) is rare.But even once is too often. The practised news is that wrong- locate surgery is 100 percent preventable. Surgeons are expected to sign their initials directly on the site to be operated on before the surgery. 13 If you have a choice, choose a hospital where many patients have had the procedure or surgery you need. Research shows that patients tend to have better results when they are handle in hospitals that have a great deal of experience with their condition.Other Steps 14 mouth up if you have questions or concerns. You have a right to question anyone who is involved with your care. 15 Make sure that someone, such as your primary care doctor, coordinates your care. This is especially important if you have many health problems or are in the hospital. 16 Make sure that all your doctors have your important health information. Do not assume that everyone has all the information they need. 17 Ask a family member or friend to go to appointments with you. Even if you do not need help now, you might need it later. 18 Know that more is not always better. It is a good idea to find out why a test or treatment is needed and how it can help you.You could be better off without it. 19 If you have a test, do not assume that no news is good news. Ask how and when you will get the results. 20 Learn about your condition and treatments by asking your doctor and take in and by using other reliable sources. For example, treatment options based on the latest scientific usher are available from the Effective Health Care Web site (effectivehealthcare. ahrq. gov/options). Ask your doctor if your treatment is based on the latest evidence. AHRQ Pub. No. 11-0089 (Replaces AHRQ Pub. No. 00-P038) September 2011.

The Changing Global Economy Essay Example for Free

The Changing global Economy EssayThe argument for globalisation is an argument for International trade. Classical liberal economists have endlessly argued for the ease movement of all factors of production. Adam Smith had declared that nations have absolute advantaged that they leverage to erect cheaper and more than efficient production processes. David Ricardo argues in his theory of Comparative advantages that countries must utilize their relatively more abundant factors of production more intensively to produce higher levels of turnout. All this results in higher out site and therefore the world stands to gain through increased trade. Factor mobility run fors to stabilization of prices that result from goods and services despicable from one locating to another where the factor is scarce and fetches higher returns. Those who are against globalisation and trade habitation their debates on the infant industry argument which believes that small domestic players get adve rsely assumeed when voluminous foreign firms compete. The other argument they make is that that imports travail shifts of production where firms locate to foreign lands and cause unemployment. It is besides believed that globalisation leads to the dumping of suffering quality or toxic goods across the border.Reliance on imports leads to dependence, and exports cause injury to locally available resources that get diverted to foreign markets. Globalisation is also analysen as a phenomenon where the free flow of money and currency makes domestic economies extremely vulnerable to volatile foreign investments. This could lead countries to balance of payment difficulties and cause events such as the East Asian crisis in the mid nineties. What results is a situation where every minor turbulence in large economies like the US causes severe evince to developing and under developed economies.2. Huntington and the crash of civilizations Huntingtons famous hypothesis states that in the modern world, the clash of ideologies will convert into a clash of cultures. He argues that the cutting world order will see greater examples of conflict between various cultures of the world. His thesis is seen as a justification of the US war against Islamic nations and its aggression against countries like China. These clashes would come from a conflict that emanates whenever differing cultural paradigms come into contact with individually other and compete for global resources.The end of the cold war, according to Huntington, is the end of conflict based on ideology, where the capitalist and the communist bloc were engaged in war. This conflict ended with the collapse of the USSR and the coming tear of the Berlin Wall. Today, the emerging economies of the world are resurrecting fast and eroding the huge share in vulgar Domestic Product (GDP) of the world that is now held by the western countries. These new and emerging economies are place to nearly of the cultures of the world that are all opposed to the dominant western thought. This opposition would give deepen to global conflict.This is the conflict that Huntingdon terms as the Clash of civilizations that emerges in a world that is globalising at a fast pace. This globalisation is bringing together people from various cultures and this would manifest in a betrothal for domination. This then would cause conflicts among cultures. Huntingtons hypothesis has been debated endlessly and there are as many voices reinforcement the argument as there are that characterise Huntingtons theory as mischievous. 3. Institutional arrangements For a free parsimony, there are certain pre conditions that must be met.These are the protection of property rights, observation of contracts, law and order and a competitive environment. These pre conditions are met when these are institutionalized. These institutions then enable markets in any state and cause efficiency in market transactions and therefore result in g rowth. some(prenominal) of these institutions are put in place by the government by way of regulatory bodies and practice of law forces. Some of these institutions are created simultaneously by a society as it evolves. Markets function best when free and perfect information is available to all players.Competition in an economy comes out of the lack of barriers to admittance and exit from the market. Laws and policies that enable such an environment are all referred to as institutional arrangements. In most markets there is asymmetry of information and a differentiated access to factors of production. Such a situation prevents an economy from operating at full potential. Those states that ensure the existence of such institutions are the ones where sparing growth shares place to its full extent. Weak institutional arrangements favor some players in a market and adversely affect the rest.Market based solutions to such problems are usually the most sustainable and efficient mechan isms. This gives rise to poor governance structures and cause imperfection. It is not always the state that brings about these institutions. Sometimes institutional arrangements evolve and take firm roots in markets. Such informal institutional arrangements provide players with an eco system that enables innovation and growth. 4. Shifts in the world economy The two factors that clearly set apart the last 25 years of economic growth in the world are the collapse of the Soviet Union and the fast paced changes in technology. twain these events have lead to a globalised world where trade has more than quadrupled. Technological changes, especially the strides made in communication technology and transportation have enabled the world to shrink and become a global village. proceeding are now possible at lightning speeds, at the click of a mouse, between two entities find out in different corners of the globe. What has also been seen is the spurt in trade in services, and such was not the depicted object with the world earlier where all trade was for goods.Free trade has improved the chances of poor countries to enter new business internationally, and allow their firms to buy and sell various commodities and services. Domestic rules and standards become significant and issues such as restrictions on imports, exports, tariffs and duties become significant. (Ohmae, 1999). In all this the new entity that has emerged is that of the Multi National Corporation. MNCs today typically operate in several countries, where the source of raw material is one nation production takes place in a second country, assembly and packaging in a third and sales in a fourth.This has enabled firms to grow in size and shape and allow economies of scale to reduce costs of production and therefore prices. close to nations in the last 25 years have made currencies convertible and have ensured that internationally concordant norms and polices are put in place. A large credit for this goes to th e World Trade Organisation that has put in place a multi lateral agreement that allows for free trade between members. The MNC has leveraged these changes to emerge as a significant player in world economics.References 1. Clarke, G.and S. Wallsten, (2004), Has the Internet Increased Trade? Evidence from industrial and Developing Countries, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3215. 2. Edwards, S. (1989a), Openness, Trade Liberalization and stinting surgical procedure in Developing Countries, Working Paper No. 2908, NBER, Cambridge Mass. 3. North, D. (1990), Institutions Institutional Change and Economic Performance Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 4. Ohmae, K. (1999) The Borderless World Power and Strategy in the Interlinked Economy. New York Harper Business.

Blackboard Assignment Essay Example for Free

Blackboard Assignment Essay1. I pay back recently engaged in a discussion with a couple of American soldiers who fought in Iraq. They talked about the deployment of their company in the divisions deep down the military zones in Iraq where they encountered several IEDs and AQI. Also, they said something about doing recon work with a bird and how they were lucky not to be a POW. All throughout the conversation, I remained clueless about the topic. I was not sufficient to share any inputs. If only the speaker would apologize the military jargons or better yet if they realise opted to use terms that were of common knowledge, I would have comprehended the conversation. Instead of using bird, they could have apply helicopter so as not to confuse the animal with an aircraft. On the other hand, I have also made this same mistake. During the time when I was applying for college, I unconsciously used some jargons to explain this activity to my younger sister. As a result, she kept on asking for the definition of the terms that I used which made the conversation awkward. After this incident, I realized that some terms are hostile to use especi in ally when the listener is not well-informed about the subject.However, if it is inevitable to use jargons in conversations, entertain sure to explain the terms in the context that everyone can relate. By doing this, the probability of misunderstanding and misinterpretation will be greatly reduced. 2. I think that the use of ambiguous language is prevalent because mess opt to generalize cultivation for convenience leaving more room for different interpretations. However, it only becomes wrong when it is intended to mislead the audience. In the case of the coal mine explosion in West Virginia, CNN inform that there were 12 survivors but in reality only 1 got out alive.This counterfeit information was based on the statement of a rescuer that they have found the miners and said that they are all ok, I guess, so (Eng lish). Instead of journalists further investigating this event, they have reported it as they heard it which brought false hopes and even caused pain to the families of the miners. Works Cited English, Larry P. Information Quality in Communication. 11 January 2006. Beye Network. 18 November 2008 http//www. b-eye-network. co. uk/view-articles/2215.

History of American football Essay Example for Free

History of American football game EssayEven though football is an American game its origins came from villages and schools in Europe for umpteen centuries before America was even settled by Europeans. They played in the streets and oddly used a lemon as their ball. Soon many universities started creating their own teams and competing against distributively other. It took awhile, however, because it was a very rough and violent game so many colleges criminalise the game. Walter Camp is considered to be the Father of American football. He is widely considered to be the most all-important(a) figure in the development of the game.When he was young, he excelled in sports like track, baseball, and soccer, and after enrolling at Yale in 1876, he earned varsity honors in every sport the school offered. Camp joined the Massasoit planetary house conventions where rules were debated and changed. He proposed his first rule change at the first meeting he attended in 1878. His idea was for there to be a reduction from fifteen players to eleven. The motion was rejected at that judgment of conviction but later passed in 1880. The effect was to open up the game and emphasize speed all over strength.Camps most famous change, the establishment of the declivity of scrimmage and the cinch from center to quarterback, was also passed in 1880. Originally, the snap was executed with the foot of the center. Later changes made it possible to snap the ball with the hands, either through the airmanship or by a direct hand-to-hand pass. Camps new scrimmage rules revolutionized the game, though not of all time as intended. Princeton, in particular, used scrimmage play to slow the game, making very slow age towards the end zone during each down.Rather than increase scoring, which had been Camps original intent, the rule was exploited to maintain fake of the ball for the entire game, resulting in slow, unexciting contests. At the 1882 rules meeting, Camp proposed that a team be needed to advance the ball a minimum of five yards within three downs. These down-and-distance rules, combined with the establishment of the line of scrimmage, transformed the game from a variation of rugby or soccer into the distinct sport of American football Camp was central to several more significant rule changes that make the American football we know today.In 1881, the field was reduced in size to its modern dimensions of 120 by 53? yards. Several times in 1883, Camp changed the scoring rules, finally arriving at four points for a touchdown, 2 points for kicks after touchdowns, deuce points for safeties, and five for field goals. In 1887, game time was set at two halves of 45 minutes each. Also in 1887, two paid officials, a referee and an umpire, were required for each game. A year later, the rules were changed to allow tackling below the waist, and in 1889, the officials were given whistles and stopwatches.

Obama Immigration Reform Essay Example for Free

Obama Immigration crystalise EssayCurrently, 11 million misbranded immigrants inha opus the unite States. This enactment lead continue to append without proper regulation of these aliens. Ever since his first inauguration, it has been President Barack Obamas legation to improve Americas mediocre immigration system. Since Obamas reelection for his second term, he has constantly stressed the fact that the new ideas for immigration reform are on the top of his list. non l whizsome(prenominal) al imprint these new reclaims help twain the legal and under-the-counter immigrants, and American citizens, but overly they will benefit the US economy. It has been a polemic argument whether Obamas reform ideas will either positively or negatively affect the US economy, but according to the bipartisan group of democrats and republicans, it is agreed that the positives greatly outweigh the negatives. After the bipartisan meeting on January 28th, 2013, in which both parties pri nciples were announced for comprehensive immigration reform (CNN Political Unit, CNN. com), Obama presented a spoken language on January 29th, 2013, which consisted of numerous solutions to the troubled immigration system presently used in the United States.This legal transfer not only contained these ideas, but also his plan of action to pursue them during his next four geezerhood in office. Obama proved to America that he would attempt to fulfill these reforms as soon as manageable by saying, It is time to fix the system that has been broken for way too long, (CNN Political Unit, CNN. com). The first, and arguably the close imperative, immigrant reform plan is to strengthen the US-Mexico borders security, strictly correlating with illegal immigrant crossings.Since Obama has been in office, the number of illegal crossings has shrunk down to most 80% from their peak in 2000 (CNN Political Unit, CNN. com). Some specific methods that are considered universe used to strengthen the US-Mexico border are maturation protection and number of border patrol agents, subjoin 350 miles of fencing, add 290 miles of vehicle barriers, invest in more cameras and radar towers, and fin all toldy, end the Catch Release insurance policy (USA Immigration Reform, USAimmigrationreform. org). Secondly, Obama desires to increase the enforcement efforts on illegal immigrant criminals who endanger the countrys communities.Thankfully, with Obama in office, the deportation of unregistered criminals is at its highest level than it has ever been before (CNN Political Unit, CNN. com). The third angle for this project is to reinforce the already-formed trance Act, which stands for Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors. The main purpose of this addition to the t cardinal of reforms is so the minors that traveled with their parents or guardians over the border (in this case, they are not responsible for being an illegal alien) are ensured opportunity, safety, and i mpact rights (Zuckerman-Bernstein, policymic. om). Providing conditional permanent residency to certain illegal minors of good moral character who alumnus from high schools in the United States is the platform of this act (CNN Political Unit, CNN. com).The fourth contribution in Obamas speech discussed worksite enforcement. It is strongly suggested that we implement a new national system that enables businesses to rapidly and accurately corroborate ones employment status, and even more emphasized, heighten and ramp up the penalties deserved by the businesses that still hire illegally (CNN Political Unit, CNN. om). Actions to be accounted for in this effort are moderating the number of documents accepted to verify identity and work eligibility, ensuring that all workers must hold legal status in the United States, increasing the fines and consequences for those continually hiring illegal workers, and lastly, to surge investigation of these employers (USA Immigration Reform, USAimmi grationreform. org). This topic is a bit more accentuated because the employment of illegal workers generates an unbalanced and un bring together workplace for American citizens.The companies that hire illegally be pass a battlefield for companies that do proceed to follow the law and pay decent takings, causing those of which to suffer. Not only are these loyal companies and businesses affected, but also is a majority of general working Americans. Their wages and working conditions are threatened, but Obama demands to protect each workers rights and clarifies this motion by stating, We will make sure that every worker and business in America is playing the same posit of rules, (CNN Political Unit, CNN. com).The fifth input could hold the most considerable amount of influence on illegal immigrants currently living in America, and for those who wish to come to America legally but unfortunately father a hard time doing so. Obamas idea of laying out a pathway to citizenship has cau ght the look and ears of many. This pathway consists of various forms of tests and agreements that attain to both present illegal immigrants and legal ones wishing to move, such as a background check, paying taxes, learning English, paying a penalty upon illegal entry and acquiring in back of the line behind the people who have waited to arrive legally (illegals only).Obama claims this is only fair (CNN Political Unit, CNN. com). There will be a revised naturalization test, with a focus on American democracy, US history, and what is expected of a US citizen. Also, a rise of immigrant coach training will help applicants through the immigration process. Finally, its planned to enhance the development of web-based learning tools to increase English language skills (USA Immigration Reform, USAimmigrationreform. org).Congress stresses that this pathway to citizenship is mainly focused on the 11 million unregistered aliens in America, but it is equally vital to deal with future immigra nts, as well, or the country whitethorn find itself housing more illegals and not progressing to a better America (Fox News, The Associated Press, foxnews. com). Lastly, Obamas final goal is to break our old fashioned system and bring it to the 21st century. The presidents opinion about visa card laws was that they are outdated and make no sense, (Fox News, The Associated Press, foxnews. com).He hopes to join family members with those who have come to earn a living already and to avoid the prolonged wait of future immigrants. Having to wait years before being able to send ones family to America is absurd to the President and surely to a majority of others (CNN Political Unit, CNN. com). These plans, ideas, and desires for a higher quality national immigration system will be assorted into a bill. Witnesses largely appealed to congress disposition to pass the bill because not only will this bill ameliorate the lives of immigrants and their families, but also the US economy (Fox News , The Associated Press, foxnews. om).Correspondingly, there is a plethora of reasons why a substantial immigration reform would positively impact the US economy. To begin, immigrants start businesses. The slight Business Administration says immigrants are 30% more likely to start a business compared to a native, and 18% of small business owners today are immigrants (Gray, Furman, thewhitehouse. gov). In addition, this reform would occasion an annual increase of 0. 8% points to the stinting growth rate, presently stuck at a frustrating 2% (CBN News, CBN. com).Additional boosts to the economic growth could emfly come from rising wages for newly legalized workers and higher productivity levels from the arrival of new, highly-skilled workers from afield (Krudy, NBCnews. com). To even further express the benefit of immigration reform, just in 2008, the Congressional Budget space projected an acquired $48 billion in revenue from 2008-2017, simply caused by a more efficient, modernize d national immigration system (Krudy, NBCnews. com). Continuing on from the point above, immigrant-owned businesses create jobs for Americans.The Fiscal Policy found stated that small businesses owned by immigrants employed about 4. 7 million people in 2007. These businesses generated over $776 billion annually. With this statistic, it only makes sense to assume that this ratio will continually grow in the future since more businesses will be started. Also, the Center of American Progress affirmed that comprehensive immigration reform would create jobs 900,000 people got jobs within 3 years from the increase of immigrant consumer spending (Gray, Furman, thewhitehouse. ov). Yes, immigrants will charge the US in creating jobs for its native citizens, but it is also true that immigrants are more likely to create their own jobs as well. The Department of Labor claimed that 7. 5% of foreign born people in the United States are self-employed, while only 6. 6% of native born are self-em ployed (Gray, Furman, thewhitehouse. gov). Immigrants are also a great contributor to the economy because they have and probably will continue to create streetwise technology and companies.Big businesses like Google, Yahoo, Intel and eBay were all produced with the help of immigrants, and 25% of public US companies were started by them (Gray, Furman, thewhitehouse. gov). Alone, these palmy businesses create an influx of earnings for the American economy. The earnings developed from these businesses wouldnt reach their full potential without the help of immigrants. Between 1990 and 2004, an accession of immigration correlated with increased earnings of about 0. 7% annually, record from studies at University of California (Gray, Furman, thewhitehouse. ov).Oddly enough, it is proven that immigrants earn greater degrees than non-immigrants. Surprisingly, with all of Americas exceptional education programs, only 16% of the resident population holds a bachelors degree. Immigrants repre sent 33% of Americas engineers, 27% of mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists, and 34% of physical scientists (Gray, Furman, thewhitehouse. gov). Another reason to implement this bill immediately is because reform legislation would reduce the deficit.The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office says that if the 2010 version of the dream Act was used, the federal deficit would be abated $2. 2 trillion over a course of 10 years because of accumulated tax revenues (Gray, Furman, thewhitehouse. gov). The consensus among economists said the new reform would maximize housing demand, encourage entrepreneurship, and come on tax revenues, which in total would sufficiently aid the budget deficit (CBN News, CBNnews. com). So basically, the consensus among economists has determined immigration reform as a net benefit.Economist Giovanni Peri plans to utilize a cap-and-trade visa system, which would induce a profit of $1. 2 billion a year (Krudy, NBCnews. com). Finally, immigratio n reform would increase Americas gross domestic product. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office asserted that even under low investment assumptions, immigration reform would raise the GDP by 0. 8%-1. 3% from 2012-2016 (Gray, Furman, thewhitehouse. gov). As one can see, President Barack Obama has put forth a much needed effort in the mission to create a noteworthy national immigration system.With all of these fair and effective plans and ideas, not one foreigner should have to think twice about becoming an American citizen, considering it is for the benefit of themselves, their family, the United States and its economy. The study Council of La Raza, the League of United Latin American Citizens, and the International Secretary of the Service Employees International Union, all of these tied in with immigration policies, issued a joint statement saying The time to act is now, (Zuckerman-Bernstein, policymic. com).

The Knee Joint Paper Essay Example for Free

The genu critical point colligation Joint Paper EssayOf the joints in the human body, the genu joint joint is the or so susceptible to injuries. Because this joint carries much of the body weight, and beside the fact that it was designed to do much of the human activities, the human knee joint accounts for the most common joint injuries. Its cardinal primary motions atomic number 18 flexion and extension, and a little rotational and squint motion. It is also because of this design that the knee is so vulnerable to injury. (M. Mullin and K. Stone)The knee has basically five major part the rises, the muscles, ligaments, gristle and tendons. It is the function of the bone to support the knee and give the joint a rigid structure. on that point are four bones that make up the knee first, the femur, which is also referred to as the thighbone or the upper leg bone. (University of Utah, Heath Sciences Center, 2003) This erect bone is given by the ligaments and a capsule to some other bone the tibia. Tibia is the larger bone of the knee which is called the shin bone. Parallel to the tibia is another bone called the fibula located below the tibia. The knee cap or the patella is another bone that consists the knee which rides on the joint as the knee bends. (Center for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 1999) It is the function of the muscles to move the joint. The knee joint consists of two kinds of muscles the quadriceps and the hamstrings. The quadriceps muscles straighten the legs, and are situated at the front of the thighs. The hamstring muscles, which are located at the game of the thighs, are the ones bending the legs at the knee. All groups of muscles are connected to the knee bones by thick fibrous cords called the tendons. (Mayo Clinic, 2006) Patellar tendons connect the quadriceps muscles to the tibia, which are the ones prone to knee joint problems called, tendonitis. The bones of the knee are connected by ligaments, which functions are b asically to energize and hold the joint together. These elastic meanders also provide cherishion to the joint by limiting the regressive and forward movement of the knee. At the center of the joint are the cruciate ligaments called the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), which is attached to the depression in front of the tibia and passes upward, backward and lateral ward and fixed into the medial and back part of the lateral condoyle of the femur. (H. Gray, 1918)It is considered the key guide wire in the knee joint and is crucial for channelise the tibia in a dominion path a grand the end of the femur. (Mullin and Stone) The Posterior Cruciate ligaments (PCL) protect the joint by preventing the femur from sliding forward on the tibia, and the tibia from sliding backwards n the femur. The media Collateral ligament (MCL) provides protection to the upcountry part of the knee and the lateral Collateral ligament (CLC) on the outer part.The C-shaped tissue called the meniscus or the m enisci cartilage allows the bones to freely slide on each other. They serve as shock absorbers and bone protector. Around the knee joint are little fluid sacs called bursa. These sacs help the muscles and the tendons to freely slide as the knee moves. (Center for Orthopaedics) There are five medial bursas and four lateral bursas. The knee is prone to injuries and especially those who are engaged in activities that enable the knee to be overused. These people, most oftentimes athletes experience different kinds of pain in the knee joint as a result of injury, mental strain and wear of the joint. Common to athletes are the ligament injuries called sprain or the injury to the cruciate ligaments.This injury happens when the ACL is stretch or torn by sudden twisting motion, as when the feet are planted one modal value and the knees are turned another. (Healthlink 2005) Football players often experience a PCL injury during a football tackle. concussion sports like hockey and football c ause injury to the MCL and the CCL, where the said ligament is torn and stretch at the inner side of the knee due to a sudden blow to the outer side of the knee called a contact trauma. Tendonitis or the jumpers knee is caused by an overuse of the tendon. As the depot implies, this injury is experienced by athletes who are engaged in sports like basketball, which require jumping and foot race do a strain in the tendon. Dancers, cyclists, skiers and runners are as victims of this injury. With these activities, the tendon is stretched to the pint that it becomes like a worn-out rubber band and when this happens, it will swell. Muscle contraction happens after a jump or fall, and that repeated force causes strain to the tendons. What is worse is that such contraction, as when trying to break a fall, may tear the quadriceps muscles above and below the patella. Tendonitis causes a person to looking pain during travel rapidly and jumping or even when in a hurried walking. Bending, extending and lifting the leg will also be difficult. A pain arising between the patella and the femur is called Chondromalacia, which is characterized by the softening of the articular cartilage of the knee cap. (Mayo Clinic) With this injury, the knee cap rubs against the thigh bone which makes the cartilage rough. As a result, the person will feel pain in front of the knee when climbing the stairs or when sitting for a long period. This injury is common to skiers, soccer players and cyclists who, among other athletes are prone to having a blow in the knee cap resulting to a tear of the cartilage. Such contacts can also tear off a large fragment of the cartilage containing a piece of bone. Injury to the meniscus typically results from a twist or torque to the knee while the foot stays still. (Mullin and Stone) A tear in the meniscus may cause the joint to lock especially when there is a flap of the torn cartilage. When there is only a small tear, mild pain and moderate swelling o f the knee lasts up to 48 hours withal large lengthwise tear causes the joint to lock making hard for the person to straighten the knee. outdo runners are prone to Illiotibial Band Syndrome which happens when the ligament in the illiotibial band becomes tight enabling it to rub against the outer allot of the femur. Pains caused by this injury are felt when waking and when going up and down the stairs. excessively associated with running activities is the Osgood-Schatter Disease, where an inflammation of the patellar tendon is involved. This injury happens when the tendon is stretch too much causing it to tear away from the tibia and in some cases takes a bone fragment. A pain reasonable below the knee is experienced with this injury, and is however treated just with a rest. Having the fact that the knee joint is susceptible to many injuries, experts advice that a person must always maintain strong and flexible muscles. The cartilage and ligaments must always be kept smooth and strong. Good diet and proper exercise are always on the list of preventive measures. Lastly, let us remember that anything that goes below and beyond normal causes problems, not only to the knee, but the body as a wholeWORKS CITEDGray, Henry 1918. public figure of the Human Body Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http//www.bartleby.com/107/93.htmMullin, Michael and Kevin Stone. Athletic Injuries of the genu and Shoulder Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http//www.stoneclinic.com/injuries.htmThe Center for orthopeadics and Sports Medicine. Knee Joint-Anatomy and part Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http//www.arthroscopy.com/sp05001.htmThe Mayo Clinic Staff. Knee Pain Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/knee-pain/DS00555/DSECTIoN2The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and flake off Diseases. Knee Injuries and Problems Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment May 01, 2001. Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http//healthlink.mew.edu/a rticle/92605352.htmlUniversity of Utah Health Sciences Center Knee Pains and Problems November 2001. Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from http//uuhsc.utah.edu/healthinfo/adult/orthpaedics/kneepain.htm

The Discovery Telomerase Essay Example for Free

The discovery Telomerase EssayThe elongated chromosomes of eukaryotes ar more complex than the circular chromosomes of the bacteria. Due to the biochemical properties of DNA polymerases, the comeback of the eukaryotic chromosomes poses a special problem the maintenance of the length of the linear chromosomes. However, it was discovered that a bizarre enzyme complex appears to play a crucial in maintaining the length of eukaryotic chromosomes. This enzyme is known as the telomerase. Its regulatory action on the eukaryotic jail cell implies that it may also be involved in the solve of aging and in the development of cancer cells. In this paper, the telomerase becomes the focus of study. The discovery, properties, and functions of the telomerase inside the eukaryotic cells will be described, based on the recent scientific studies that have been conducted ab come forth them. And finally, current and potential applications that involve this enzyme, in the field of biotechnology, will be presented. The Discovery of Telomerase When the telomerase was first discovered by Carol Greider in 1984, many a(prenominal) geneticists and molecular biologists like her have already been puzzling over the observation that the tips of chromosomes are stabilised by telomeres.Telomeres are mere regions in the DNA in which sections of them are no longer copied during the surgery of cell division and chromosome replication (Vermolen 2005). hardly the fact that a small section of a telomere is not copied should progeny in shorter telomeres in the daughter cells. Strangely, this does not occur and scientists can only surmise that something maintains the length of the telomere and it could be an enzyme that is yet unknown. Then, on that fateful Christmas Day in 1984, Greider found the elusive enzyme through the use of autoradiography (Skloot 2001).The telomerase is the enzyme that is liable for maintaining the genetic material found at the tips of the chromosomes. The Propert ies of Telomerase The telomerase is an enzyme and this brings to mind 2 basic characteristics. First, any enzyme is composed of a protein. In the case of telomerase, the protein is the RNA and it can be considered as a ribozyme (Brown 2005). And second, any enzyme is a cancel catalyst of all chemical reactions within the body of an organism. This pisseds that the telomerase facilitates a vital biochemical reaction.But the exact mechanism that the telomerase executes to maintain the length of the telomere during chromosomal replication can only be refractory if the properties of it are known. And the properties can be known if the specific nature of the social system of the RNA is established. The telomerase is composed of two components, the essential RNA and the TERT. The latter, which stands for telomerase bump transcriptase, is the catalytic protein. It contains sequence needs homologous to those in the catalytic domain of reverse transcriptase enzymes (Chen Greider 2004, p.14683). This is concluded because the TERT is remains the same in all eukaryotes. The structure of the RNA component, however, is more challenging to characterise. This is because the telomerase RNA varies in terms of size and sequence. Fortunately, the overall structure of the telomerase RNA in many ciliates and vertebrates was finally established (Chen, Blasco Greider 2000). The common process utilized was the phylogenetic analysis (Tzfati 2003). However, the characterization of telomerase RNA did not die similarities.There are large differences among the telomerase RNA structures of different organisms. For example, the RNA of ciliates has a conserved sequence motif found in helix I (Lai 2002), where as the RNA of yeasts seeks several helical regions as the spine sites for the telomerases Est1 protein (Peterson et al 2001). Thus, there was a need to ascertain a core structure. This core structure is also referred to as the secondary Blackburn (2004) and her colleagues, by using telomerase RNAs of yeasts, proposed a core structure out of the process of delineating nucleotides and base pairings.They showed that a pseudoknot structure is an essential component of the telomerase RNA because it plays an important role during the screen process. chassis 1 The TERT binding and the pseudoknot The Functions of Telomerase The most obvious function of the telomerase, as stated before, is the maintenance of the length of the linear chromosomes of eukaryotes. This is carried out through a process known as reverse transcription. But, among scientists, this general statement is insufficient, peculiarly before the advancing knowledge in biochemistry.And now that the structure of the telomerase is established, the next question to be answered is how the telomerase truly and specifically works. There is no consensus so far, but the results of various studies can be combined to take a crap a better picture of the function of telomerase. Here are three of the most significant ones. First, it was heavily established by several studies that there is a long-range base-pairing that occurs at the Est2 binding site (Chappell Lundblad 2004 Dandjinou et al 2004 Lin et al 2004 Zapulla Cech 2004).Second, the pseudoknot performs various functions binding at Est2 among yeasts and other replication-related activities among vertebrates (Livengood et al 2002). And third, the TERT proteins of the telomerase locate specific domains and these domains are referred to as motif T. This motif T is vital for RNA binding (Friedman Cech 1999 Kelleher et al 2002). The specific actions of the two components of the telomerase are vital towards the determining its applications. Current and Potential Applications of TelomeraseThere have been several misunderstandings about the application of telomerase in the field of biotechnology. The most popular false notion about telomerase is that it is the fountain of youth. Telomerase does not make a person stay young forever. What the telomerase can do is to support the replication of the chromosome and then, after many years, leave alone the state of senescence. It must be remembered that the telomerase only act upon the tips of the chromosomes and not on the lifestyle of a person.This implies that if a person decides to live a dangerous or unhealthy lifestyle, neither his telomerase nor any modification on this enzyme will ever prevent his early death. The telomerase does not immortalize any organism. But this does not mean that the telomerase has no significant application. One of the most significant applications of telomerase is in the field of oncology. That is, the telomerase has been found to act abnormally during the replication of cancer cells. In normal cells, the action of telomerase ceases right after the chromosomal replication.But in cancer cells, the telomerase remains active. Scientists assume that there must be some structural difference in the midst of the telomerase of normal cells and that of cancer cells. If the structural difference is found, it might be possible for molecular biologists to seek out cancerous cells by seeking the telomerase only. Then, a person who has cancer at the early stages can be diagnosed immediately and can utilize cancer therapeutic treatments that involve the inhibition of the abnormal telomerase (Shay et al 2001). closedownThe discovery of the telomerase is one of the most significant events in science history. It can be considered as vital as the discovery of the double helix structure of the DNA. This is because this enzyme allows the accurate and regulated replication of the linear chromosomes of eukaryotes. But, only if as the discovery of the enzyme was challenging, the establishment of its properties and functions are equally difficult to carry out. Yet, molecular biologists persevere and came up with interesting possible applications of telomerase. BibliographyBlackburn, EH, Lin, J, Ly, H, Hussain, A, Abraham, M, Pearl, S, Tzfati, Y, Parslow, TG 2004, A universal telomerase RNA core structure includes structured motifs required for binding the telomerase reverse transcriptase protein legal proceeding of the issue honorary society of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. ci, no. 41, October, pp. 14713-14718, National Academy of Sciences pnas. 0405879101 viewed 10 September 2007, http//www. pnas. org/cgi/content/abstract/101/41/14713. Brown, J 2005, What the Heck is an Enzyme Bugs in the News, viewed 10 September 2007, http//people. ku. edu/jbrown/whatheck.html. Chappell, AS, Lundblad, V 2004, Structural Elements Required for Association of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomerase RNA with the Est2 Reverse Transcriptase Molecular Cell Biology, 24 7720-7736. Chen, JL, Blasco, MA, Greider, CW 2000, Secondary structure of vertebrate telomerase RNA Cell, 100 503-514. Chen, JL, Greider, CW 2004, An emerging consensus for telomerase RNA structure Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 101, no. 41, October, pp. 14683-14684, National Academy of Sciences pnas. 0406204101 viewed 10 September 2007, http//www.pnas. org/cgi/content/full/101/41/14683. Dandjinou, At, Levesque, N, Larose, S, Lucier, JF, Abou-Elela, S, Wellinger RJ 2004, A phylogenetically based secondary structure for the yeast telomerase RNA Current Biology, 14 1148-1158. Friedman, KL, Cech, TR 1999, Essential functions of amino-terminal domains in the yeast telomerase catalytic subunit revealed by selection for viable mutants Genes Dev. 13 28632874. Kelleher, C, Teixeira, MT, Forstemann, K, Lingner, J 2002, Telomerase biochemical considerations for enzyme and substrate Trends Biochem. Sci. 27 572579.Lai, CK, Miller, MC, Collins, K 2002, Template boundary definition in Tetrahymena telomerase Genes Development, 16 415420. Lin, J, Ly, H, Hussain, A, Abraham, M, Pearl, S, Tzfati, Y, Parslow, TG, Blackburn, EH 2004, A universal telomerase RNA core structure includes struc tured motifs required for binding the telomerase reverse transcriptase protein Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 101, no. 41, October, pp. 14713-14718 Livengood, AJ, Zaug, AJ, Cech, TR 2002, Essential Regions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomerase RNA Separate Elements for Est1p and Est2p Interaction Mol.Cell. Biol. 22 23662374 Peterson, SE, Stellwagen, AE, Diede, SJ, Singer, MS, Haimberger, ZW, Johnson, CO, Tzoneva, M. Gottschling, DE 2001, The function of a stem-loop in telomerase RNA is linked to the DNA repair protein Ku Nat. Genet. 27 6467. Shay, J, Zou, Y, Hiyama, E, Woodring, EW 2001, Telomerase and cancer Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 677-685. Skloot, R 2001, The Marvels of Telomerase Hopkins Medical News, winter 2001, viewed 10 September 2007, http//www. hopkinsmedicine. org/hmn/W01/top. html.Tzfati, Y, Knight, Z, Roy, J, Blackburn, E H 2003, A novel pseudoknot element is essential for the action of a yeast telomerase, Genes Development 17 17791788. Vermolen, BJ, Garini, Y, Mai, S, Mougey, V, Fest, T, Chuang, TCY, Chuang, AYC, Wark, L, Young, IT 2005, Characterizing the Three-Dimensional Organization of Telomeres Cytometry, 67A 144-150. Zapulla, DC, Cech, TR 2004, Yeast telomerase RNA A flexible scaffold for protein subunits Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.

Relationship between creativity and parenting among preschool children

Relationship betwixt creativity and p benting among preschool electric razorrenPargonnting is potenti exclusivelyy a prominent process which usurps childs biophysical, psychological, social, and spiritual outgrowth. According to researches pargonnting fashions pass on a pivotal role in childrens development(Holden Edwards,1989Baumrind,1991DarlingSteinberg,1993Chao,1994Paulson,1994Lorenz,Hoven,AndrewsBird,1995Reissetal.1995PalmerHollin,1996Radziszewska,Richardson,DentFlay,1996Holdren,1997,Querido,Warner,Eyberg,2002Sabbatini,Leaper,2004Dixon,Hamilton-Giachritis Browne,2005) .Due to the fact that parents are the first people who interact with children in the environment, parenting expressive manner is considered to be an important factor in childrens growth (Steinberg, Elmen, Mounts, 1989 Pratt, 1988 Xie, 1996). since it has impact on various dimensions of child development such as physical, cognitive , emotional, social and language development.Unfortunately, galore(postno minal) parents lack training on how to bequeath a good home environment and how to use good parenting practices to back up their childrens abilities. Teachers and other puerility professionals are key resource persons who can disseminate protestation to parents and encourage parents to choose effective parenting mood. It is a wellspring -k at presentn fact that parenting meanss set the environmental and emotional context for childrens development.Many writers have noted that specific parenting practices are slight important in predicting child well-being than is the broad pattern of parenting. Most researchers who try to run this broad parental setting rely on Diana Baumrinds concept of parenting style. The construct of parenting style is used to prehend normal variations in parents attempts to control and socialize their children (Baumrind, 1991). Diana Baumrind (1966) was the first researcher who made lots of effort in researching or so the conception of parenting style and its various types she classified parenting style into three types of authoritarian, bailable and authoritative.the authoritarian parenting style is characterized by being elevatedly challenging and less responsive. The authoritarian parent is inflexible, rough, and demanding. Coarse parents usually crash in this category (It is worth saying that Baumrind added the point that not all authoritarian parents are abusive) (Diana Baumrind 1966).permissive parents are less taxing however highly responsive. The permissive parent is excessively responsive to the childs necessitate in the way that they rarely apply orderly rules. The outcome of permissive parenting would usually be the mishandle child (Diana Baumrinds 1966).Children are all born with certain set of characteristics and abilities which may be cultivated ground on the surrounding environment. Creativity is among these characteristics and since each child is born with the instinctive ability to be creative, all children have the right to be given the opportunity to discover, use and nurture this inborn gift. All children have capacity to be creative and children should have the opportunity to show their ability to be creative (Torrance 1970). thusly parents must create an atmosphere conducive to develop creativity.Definitions of creativity are not straightforward and especial(a) so that we come across various writers contributing to the disputation about the constitution of creativity with varied views. However most theorists come to the same point that the creative process in all its variant definitions share some common aspects which are imagination, originality, productivity, problem solving and the ability to create an outcome of determine and worth hence creativity can be defined as a process of thought process and responding that is engaged with connecting with our prior experience, making response to incentives (objects, ideas, symbols, people, situations) and bring into being at leas t one fantastic combination. E. Paul Torrance (1997), one of the leading researchers in the field of creativity, defined creativity as the process of signal detection problems, forming ideas, and deriving unprecedented solutions of unique problems with elaboration and embellishment.The news report of creativity in young children has been approached form disparate point of views. in that respect has been several investigations examining parental and family influences on preschoolers creativity . Bomba ,Moran, and Goble(1991) organized a study on children and their parents to explore the consanguinity between familial style and preschoolers creative potential. Findings revealed that children of families who were flexible in their family structure got high scores on a creativity test.Statement of ProblemThe parents and learning environment during early childhood have great impact on child outcomes .There are evidences that show how parents can influence on children such as famil y income, parentsoccupatios and parents reading. Infect parents are influential person through of the childs life. They have essential line to teach children new skills and who are the first teachers. There are several styles that parents chose during the parenting and each one has bad-tempered influence on children. Baumrid was the first researcher that use parenting style concept and other research until now show that significant effect parenting style on all aspect of child outcomes.Therefore sense of how and what influences parenting style is significant when researches have shown relationship between parenting style and positive and negative children outcomes. Negative outcomes including take disorders, aggression, low academic performance, depression and positive outcome such as high academic achievement, ego esteem. The problem being addressed in this study is to investigate the relationship between parenting style and creativity take aim of Iranian preschool children live in Malaysia.http//www.informaworld.com/smpp/contentcontent=a727330303db=allearly education and children outcomes 2005nfluences of parents education on their childrens educational attainments the role of parent and child perceptionsPurpose of studyThe major purpose of this study is to explore relationship between parenting style namely authoritative, authoritarian and permissive and creativity among preschool children.The second purpose of study is that provides information to parents on the effects of their styles on creativity and their childrens performance in creativity. It provides information about the creativity level of Iranian preschool children as well as provides information about parenting style in Iranian students.There are some reasons to show this study is useful first reason is that recently thither is more(prenominal) focus on child development than before and that parents must be more educated about their parenting styles .Second reason is that the researches show lack of awareness of parents about parenting styles they choose which has direct influence on the child outcomes .For the third reason, the findings will help professionals and educators in early childhood area to design suitable programs to parents in order to enhance their knowledge about parenting and parenting styles .Research questionsThe research questions for this study are as linesIs there any relationship between authoritative Iranian parents and their child creativity?Is there any relationship between authoritarian Iranian parents and their child creativity?Is there any relationship between permissive Iranian parents and theirchild creativity?Limitation of studyIn this study only Iranian parents in Malaysia will be used as sample since I am Iranian and my concern is to inform the Iranian parents how their parenting style will influence their children creativity.The second limitation is the questionnaire is in English language.Third, this study is shake out in publi c Iranian preschool.Operational definitionsThe pursuance concepts were nominally defined for this studyParenting style Parenting is a complicated set of activities which involves much particular behaviour that work independently and collectively to affect child outcomes. Parenting has such a significant role in childs life that determines the nature of children s following life and even their future parenting styles. (GearyFlinn, 2001 Keller, 2001). Darling and Steinberg (1993) define a parenting style as the emotional climate in which parents raise their children.Darling and Steinberg defined parenting style asA constellation of attitudes toward the child that are communicated to the child and that taken together, create an emotional climate in which the parents behaviors are expressed. These behaviors include both the specific, purposeful behaviors through which parents perform their paternal duties and non-goal-directed parental behaviors, such as gestures, changes in tone of voice, or the unwritten expression of emotion.(DarlingStenberg,1993,p.3).Diana Baumrind conducted an interview with parents of preschool children and observed the interaction between parents and children and based on the result she believed that parenting styles have twain important dimensions (Baumrind,1971,1978,1989). The first one wasparental responsiveness and the second one was parental demandigness. Parental responsiveness refers to parents regard on childs needs. Parental demandiingness refers to the demands which are made by parents on their children to become unified into the family and the society. She described parenting style in three categories authoritarian, authoritative and permissive .Authoritarian parenting styleAuthoritarian parenting style is described with high demandingness but low responsiveness. Authoritarian parents do not express ideas or reasons behind their rules for their children and children have to follow the rules unconditionally. Attitude of thes e parents is that the child must do whatever they say. The authoritarian parents communicate less with their children and they use penalization if the children do not accept the rules.Authoritative parenting styleAuthoritative parenting style is the most appropriate regularity with the best outcomes .Parents have moderate demanding and moderate responsiveness. They have reasonable requests to child, they show love and affection, and they listen to childs views, they encourage children to be independent. Authoritative parents explain to the child the reasoning behind their rules and control. (Baumrind,1966)Permissive parenting stylePermissive parenting style is described with high responsiveness however low demandingness .Permissive parents tend to give more freedom to children and less control, guidance and punishment. The child can do whatever she or he wants unconditionally. children of permissive parents show traits such as low self-esteem and lack of independency.CreativitySev eral experts define creativity in many various ways and each researcher has his own definition on creativity and in highest compute of definitions, creativity is making new thing, originality, unusual, unexpected, valuable etc.(preschool education book).Torrances definition of creativity (1974)A process of seemly sensitive to problems, deficiencies, gaps in knowledge, missing elements, disharmonies, and so on identifying the difficult searching for solutions, making guesses or formulating hypotheses about the deficiencies testing and retesting these hypotheses and possibly modifying and retesting them and finally communicating the results (p.8).Preschool childrenBased on Malaysian curriculum, children between 4 to 6 is located under preschoolMethodologyThis research is a quantifiable study and the data will collate by questioners.InstrumentationThe instrument used in this study will be TCAM ( Torrance 1981) to measur creativity in preschool children and will also use a version of the parenting styles and Dimensions Questionnaire(PSDQ) (Robinson, Mandelco, Olsen, Hart, 2001) to collect data. Method analysing data is by the quantitative data analysis .Spss version 17 will be used in this study.SampleA total of 100 Iranian parents in Kuala Lumpur (50 females and 50 males) and 50 preschool children from Iran will be included in this study.http//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20056147/